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Fall 2019: OPT 114 Ocular Anatomy and Physiology > Contents of the Orbit > Flashcards

Contents of the Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for Tenon’s capsule

A

Bulbar fascia (globe/ connective tissue)

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2
Q

Is tenon’s capsule vascular or avascular

A

Tenon’s capsule is avascular. Although vessels travel through the layer, no capillaries are formed within.

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3
Q

What does tenon’s capsule cover

A

The sclera and extra ocular muscles as they insert into the sclera.

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4
Q

Anteriorly, tenon’s capsule merges with the ___ at the limbus

A

Sclera and conjunctiva

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5
Q

Posteriorly, tenon’s capsule is continuous with the ___ of the optic nerve

A

Dural sheath.

This provides a strong barrier and prevents the spread of disease from orbit to eyeball/globe.

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6
Q

Dural sheath

A

Dense connective tissue that protects the optic nerve as it exits the eye.

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7
Q

What structure of the eye prevents spread of disease from the orbit to the eyeball?

A

Tenon’s capsule.

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8
Q

Another name for orbital septum

A

Palpebral fascia

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9
Q

Another name for palpebral fascia

A

Orbital septum

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10
Q

Where does the orbital septum/palpebral fascia originate?

A

The arcus marginalis

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11
Q

What is the orbital septum/palpebral fascia?

A

Sheet of dense connective tissue that extends the entire rim of the orbit to the tarsal plate.

It is continuous with the periosteum at the super and inferior orbital rim.

Anterior barrier of the orbit (holds fat in)

Separates the eyelids and lacrimal sac from the orbit

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12
Q

What structure keeps orbital fat in place

A

Orbital septum/palpebral fascia

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13
Q

What structure is continuous with the periosteum at the super and inferior orbital rim

A

The orbital septum/palpebral fascia

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14
Q

What is the periosteum called when it is in the orbit

A

Periorbitum

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15
Q

peri

A

around

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16
Q

What is the periorbita (periosteum/orbital fascia) continuous with anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

Anteriorly- Continuous with the periosteum of the facial bones and the orbital septum

Posteriorly- Continuous with the dural stealth of the optic nerve and forms the common tendinous ring.

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17
Q

What forms the common tendinous ring?

A

The periorbita/perostium/orbital fascia

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18
Q

What muscle type is the periobrbita?

A

Smooth muscle innervated by the autonomic system.

19
Q

What is Whitnall’s ligament and where is it located

A

Dense connective tissue that is located in the superior orbit. It courses from the lateral orbit wall to the medial orbit wall.

20
Q

Role of Whitnall’s ligament

A

Provides support and maintains the spacial relationships between anatomic structures in the superior orbit.

21
Q

What is Whitnall’s ligament formed by

A

Condensation of the elastic fibers in the anterior sheath of the levator muscle- point where the levator muscle fibers end and the levator aponeurosis begins.

22
Q

Role of lockwood’s ligament

A

Dense connective tissue that provides support and maintains spatial relationships between anatomic structures in the inferior orbit.

23
Q

What does Lockwood’s ligament contribute to the formation of

A

Capsulopalpebral fascia.

24
Q

What is lockwood’s ligament similar to?

A

Whitnall’s ligament. Both span the anterior orbit from lateral to medial walls and support/maintain the spacial relationships between anatomic structures in the superior or inferior orbit. They are both dense connective tissues.

25
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Sheet/fan of fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles and has a wide range of attachment.

26
Q

What is the medial check ligament?

A

A transverse dense connective tissue that is an expansion of the sheath of the medial rectus and then attaches to the lacrimal bone

27
Q

Where does the medial check ligament attach too?

A

The lacrimal bone

28
Q

What is the role of the medial check ligament

A

Prevents over-action of the medial rectus

29
Q

Lateral check ligament

A

Transverse

30
Q

Where does the lateral check ligament attach too?

A

The zygomatic bone

31
Q

What is the role of the lateral check ligament

A

Prevents overreaction of the lateral rectus

32
Q

What 4 ligaments form a supporting hammock-like formation for the globe?

A

Whitnall’s ligmanent (superior), Lockwood’s ligament (inferior), medial check ligament (medial) and lateral check ligament (lateral)

33
Q

What is the lateral check ligament attached to?

A

It is a connective tissue that expands from the sheath of the lateral recuts muscle while the other side attaches to the zygomatic bone.

34
Q

Orbital septum system

A

Web of interconnecting connective tissue septa

Organizes the orbital space surrounding the globe- anchors and supports extra ocular muscles, nerves, and blood vessels

35
Q

Orbital nerves

A 
II- optic nerve
III- oculomotor
IV- Trochlear 
V1- Trigeminal ophthalmic division
V2- Trigeminal maxillary division
VI- Abducens
36
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor

37
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear

38
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens

39
Q

Blood vessels of the eye

A

Ophthalmic artery and its branches

Superior and inferior ophthalmic vein and branches

40
Q

Extraocular muscles

A

Recti muscles- medial rectus (MR), lateral rectus (LR), superior rectus (SR) and inferior rectus (IR)

Oblique muscles- Superior oblique (SO) and inferior oblique (IO)

41
Q

List the 3 eyelid refractors and what do they do?

A 
Levator palpeerde (moves upper lid) 
Muller's muscle (tarsal muscle) 
Capsulopalpebral fascia, which is not actually a muscle does the bottom lid.
42
Q

Where is most of the fat located at in the eye

A

Apex. Surrounds the ON, separating it from the EOM’s. Also separates the muscles in the orbit from the orbital walls.

43
Q

Space not occupied by orbital structures becomes filled with..

A

adipose tissue

44
Q

Where are anterior fat pads located

A

Anterior superior orbit, there are 2. They are located anterior to the locator muscle. (pre-aponeurotic)
One is nasal and one is central. (There is not one temporal because that is where the lacrimal gland is located)

Anterior inferior orbit, there are 3. They are posterior to the orbital septum and anterior to the capsulopalpebral fascia.
Nasal, central and temporal.

Fall 2019: OPT 114 Ocular Anatomy and Physiology (50 decks)

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