Week 1 - Nursing Concepts, Law, and Ethics Flashcards
laws established in each of the United States to regulate the practice of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts
World Health Organization defines health as
physical, social, and mental well-being, not just absence of disease or infirmity
Nurses use what 4 competencies to meet the aims of nursing practice
technical, interpersonal, ethical/legal, and cognitive
The framework for health promotion nursing activities is centered around
the patient
4 major nursing aims
Promote health
Prevent illness
Restore health
Facilitate coping with disability or death
Key visionary that elevated the nursing profession
How did she do this?
Florence Nightingale
Elevated status of nurses
Focused on cleanliness, epidemiology, standards, reseach, and education
How do nurses promote health?
By identifying, analyzing, and maximizing our patient’s strengths to help prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with disabilities or death
How do nurses prevent illness?
By educating patients and performing health assessments to identify risks for illness
How do nurses restore health?
By performing assessments, can detect illness symptoms and collaborate with their physician to diagnose and plan treatment for the patient
They also provide direct care to the patient and teach them
How do nurses facilitate coping with disability and death?
Educate patients and refer them to community support systems
Provide end-of-life care
Name 6 QSEN nursing competencies
Patient-centered care
Teamwork and collaboration
Evidence-based practice
Quality improvement
Safety
Informatics
Healthy People 2030 focuses on
Health equity
Health disparity
Health literacy
Well-being of the population
Social determinants of health
What are some factors that affect health? (Name 8)
Genetics
Cognitive ability
Education level
Race, ethnicity, and culture
Age and gender
Developmental level
Lifestyle and environment
Socioeconomic status
What are the 5 parts of the Nursing Process?
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
The institute of Medicine states that nurses should:
Practice to the extent of their training and education
Continue educating themselves
Effectively partner with providers to improve system
Improve data collection
What are the 6 outcomes that would come of a new, improved health system?
Safe
Effective
Efficient
Patient-centered
Timely
Equitable
Name 5 types of health care delivery and care coordination:
Hospitals
Specialty group practice
Community health centers
HMO’s and PPO’s
Medical homes
What are 4 different ways that patients pay for healthcare?
Out of pocket
Private insurance
Private employer insurance
Government finance (like Medicaid and Medicare, VHA, CHIP)
What are the 3 levels of healthcare?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Define primary healthcare:
Healthcare that treats common problems
Define secondary healthcare:
Healthcare that requires specialized clinical expertise (like OB, surgery, Ped’s, etc.)
Define tertiary healthcare:
Management of rare and complex disorders and diseases
What do the Nursing Practice Acts do?
Define the legal scope and definitions of nursing practice
Enforce rules and regulations through State Board
Establish criteria for education and licensure
What are the 5 modes of value transmission?
Modeling
Moralizing
Laissez-faire
Reward / Punishment
Responsible choice
Describe modeling value transmission:
Child follows examples from parents
Describe moralizing value transmission:
Child learns values from school/church
Describe laissez-fare value transmission:
Child is not given guidance and left to develop own morals (which causes confusion)
Describe reward-punishment value transmission:
Teaches child what is right or wrong by rewarding them for acceptable behavior and punishing them for unacceptable behavior
Describe responsible choice value transmission:
Learning by weighing the consequences of their actions and if the outcome is worth it
What are the 3 main activities of valuing?
Choosing
Prizing
Acting
Describe the activity of choosing (pertaining to values):
Chooses one option over the alternatives after careful consideration of consequences
Describe the activity of prizing (pertaining to values):
Involves pride, happiness, and public affirmation after making a choice
Describe the activity of acting (pertaining to values):
The option chosen is combined into behavior and results in consistency and regularity
Name 5 professional values of nurses:
Altruism
Autonomy
Human dignity
Integrity
Social justice
Define altruism:
Concern for the well-being of others
Define autonomy:
A person’s right to self-determination
Define human dignity (pertaining to nursing):
Nurses should respect ALL patients in the same manner
Define integrity (pertaining to nursing):
The nurse should act according to the code of ethics and standards of practice
Define social justice (pertaining to nursing):
Nurses should uphold moral, legal, and human rights
Name 8 principles of bioethics:
Autonomy (patient has the right to choose for themselves)
Nonmaleficence (cause no harm)
Beneficence (act to benefit the patient)
Justice (give everyone their due respect and act fairly)
Fidelity (keep your promises)
Veracity (maintain accuracy and be truthful)
Accountability (take responsibility for your actions)
Privacy and confidentiality (respect patient’s rights to privacy (HIPPA)
What are nursing ethics?
A subset of bioethics that relate directly to nursing practices
What is a utilitarian theory that guides actions?
A way of thinking that determines if one’s actions were right or wrong based on the outcome/consequences of that action
“End justifies the means”
What is a deontologic theory that guides actions?
A way of thinking that says rightness or wrongness of an action is independent of the outcome/consequences
“End does not justify the means”
What are the 7 basic tenets of the RN Bill of Rights?
Practice in a manner that fulfills obligation to society
Practice in an environment that functions according to legal scope and standards
Practice in an ethical environment
Advocate for yourself and your patient
Receive fair compensation for your worth
Practice in a safe environment for yourself and your patients
Negotiate employment conditions
Define ethical dilemma:
When there are multiple choices of action but none of them are consistent with ethical principles
Define ethical distress:
When you know what the right thing to do is but your own ethics make it difficult to follow that course of action
Define law:
A rule of conduct that is established and enforced by the government to protect the public and their rights
Define litigation:
The process of trying a lawsuit
Define plaintiff:
The person that brings the suit to court
Define defendant:
The person accused by the plaintiff
What are the 3 types of laws?
Public
Private/civil
Criminal
What are the 4 sources of laws?
Constitutions
Statutory
Administrative
Common
What is a statutory law that is in place for nurses?
Nursing practice act
What are regulatory/administrative laws for nurses?
The duty of a nurse to report to the State Board
What is a common/judicial laws for nurses?
Malpractice act
Define tort:
A wrong against a person or property
What are some examples of intentional torts?
Assault
Battery
Defamation
Invasion of privacy
False imprisonment
Fraud
What are some examples of unintentional torts?
Negligence
Malpractice
What is malpractice?
The failure of a nurse to:
-Follow standards of care
-Responsibly use equipment
-Assess and monitor patients
-Communicate effectively
-Document
-Advocate for patient
What are the 4 elements of informed consent?
Disclosure
Comprehension
Competence
Voluntariness
What is recorded in an incident report?
Names and witnesses
Factual account of the incident
Date/Time/Location
Pertinent characteristics of the people involved
Equipment/Resources used
!! DOES NOT GO IN PATIENT’S CHART !!
