Week 1 - Lecture 1 - Introduction to Pathophysiology

Question 1

describe disease

Answer 1

disruption of homeostatic balance required for optimal cellular function underlies the loss of functional capacity

Question 2

Describe communicable

Answer 2

can be passed from patient to patient

Question 3

describe non-communicable

Answer 3

it’s not contagious

Question 4

Describe pathogenesis

Answer 4

what caused the disease and how it’s progressed

Question 5

What is a risk factor

Answer 5

precedes the disease

• vulnerability
• genetics/attained
• modifiable/non-modifiable

Question 6

What are precipitating factors

Answer 6

promotes the onset of clinical manifestations eg. dust or exercise increases risk of exacerbation of asthma

Question 7

What is etiology

Answer 7

factor that caused your disease

-if unknown - idiopathic

Question 8

Genetic etiology

Answer 8

individuals genes are responsible for some structural or functional deficits
eg. cystic fibrosis

Question 9

Congenital etiology

Answer 9

occurs adder conception, intrauterine

• not inherited
• results of environmental influences that alters gene formation
• radiation
• maternal infection
• Drugs and chemicals
• Thalidomide
• Mother’s alcohol intake

Question 10

Acquired etiology

Answer 10

acquired

Question 11

nosocomial etiology

Answer 11

results of exposure to infection in health care environment

Question 12

Latrogenic etiology

Answer 12

inadvertent result of medical treatment

Question 13

Describe a sign

Answer 13

observable and measurable - “objective manifestation”

-can be seen and measured by a health care professional

Question 14

Describe a symptom

Answer 14

indicators are reported by the individual “subjective manifestations” difficult or not possible to measure

Question 15

Define local

Answer 15

directly at the site of the disease (redness / swelling)

Question 16

Define systemic

Answer 16

present throughout the body and are not confined to one area (fever, lethargy)

Question 17

Define acute

Answer 17

begin abruptly and last days to a few months

eg. the common cold

Question 18

Define sub acute

Answer 18

somewhere in duration and severity between acute and chronic

Question 19

Define chronic

Answer 19

last longer than 6 months, onset is insidious or gradual

Question 20

Define remission

Answer 20

symptom free period

Question 21

Define exacerbation

Answer 21

Flaring up of symptoms

Question 22

Define asymptomatic

Answer 22

condition/disease without noticeable symptoms

Question 23

Define diagnosis

Answer 23

a label for the altered health condition

• a recognised cluster of clinical manifestations can be diagnosed as a syndrome (Down syndrome)

Question 24

Define prognosis

Answer 24

forecast/ prediction of how the individual will proceed through the disease process

Question 25

Define epidemiology

Answer 25

study of public health

Question 26

define incidence

Answer 26

patient Is newly diagnosed with the disease

Question 27

define prevalence

Answer 27

the amount of incidence at one time

-dictated by mortality, death and recovery

Question 28

Remember about incidence and prevalence

Answer 28

bathtub analogy

Question 29

Define morbidity

Answer 29

negative outcomes with disease complications that impact the quality of life in the population

Question 30

define mortality

Answer 30

death rate in the population

Question 31

Define endemic

Answer 31

incidence and prevalence of a disease are predictable and stable

Question 32

Define epidemic

Answer 32

a dramatic increase in disease incidence in a population

-rate is considerably above endemic rate

Question 33

Define pandemic

Answer 33

epidemic spreads across continents

Question 34

What is a primary prevention

Answer 34

right at the beginning

• prohibits a disease condition from occurring

eg. bike helmet
- administration of folic acid to pregnant women
- immunisation
- Healthy lifestyle counselling

Question 35

What is secondary prevention

Answer 35

early detection and treatment of a disease through screening

• self screening : breast / testes
• health care screening, mammogram

Question 36

What is tertiary prevention

Answer 36

rehabilitation of a patient after detection of a disease, preventing complications or progression of the condition
- physic after injury