Week 1 - Lecture 1 - Introduction to Pathophysiology Flashcards
describe disease
disruption of homeostatic balance required for optimal cellular function underlies the loss of functional capacity
Describe communicable
can be passed from patient to patient
describe non-communicable
it’s not contagious
Describe pathogenesis
what caused the disease and how it’s progressed
What is a risk factor
precedes the disease
- vulnerability
- genetics/attained
- modifiable/non-modifiable
What are precipitating factors
promotes the onset of clinical manifestations eg. dust or exercise increases risk of exacerbation of asthma
What is etiology
factor that caused your disease
-if unknown - idiopathic
Genetic etiology
individuals genes are responsible for some structural or functional deficits
eg. cystic fibrosis
Congenital etiology
occurs adder conception, intrauterine
- not inherited
- results of environmental influences that alters gene formation
- radiation
- maternal infection
- Drugs and chemicals
- Thalidomide
- Mother’s alcohol intake
Acquired etiology
acquired
nosocomial etiology
results of exposure to infection in health care environment
Latrogenic etiology
inadvertent result of medical treatment
Describe a sign
observable and measurable - “objective manifestation”
-can be seen and measured by a health care professional
Describe a symptom
indicators are reported by the individual “subjective manifestations” difficult or not possible to measure
Define local
directly at the site of the disease (redness / swelling)
Define systemic
present throughout the body and are not confined to one area (fever, lethargy)
Define acute
begin abruptly and last days to a few months
eg. the common cold
Define sub acute
somewhere in duration and severity between acute and chronic
Define chronic
last longer than 6 months, onset is insidious or gradual
Define remission
symptom free period
Define exacerbation
Flaring up of symptoms
Define asymptomatic
condition/disease without noticeable symptoms
Define diagnosis
a label for the altered health condition
- a recognised cluster of clinical manifestations can be diagnosed as a syndrome (Down syndrome)
Define prognosis
forecast/ prediction of how the individual will proceed through the disease process
Define epidemiology
study of public health
define incidence
patient Is newly diagnosed with the disease
define prevalence
the amount of incidence at one time
-dictated by mortality, death and recovery
Remember about incidence and prevalence
bathtub analogy
Define morbidity
negative outcomes with disease complications that impact the quality of life in the population
define mortality
death rate in the population
Define endemic
incidence and prevalence of a disease are predictable and stable
Define epidemic
a dramatic increase in disease incidence in a population
-rate is considerably above endemic rate
Define pandemic
epidemic spreads across continents
What is a primary prevention
right at the beginning
- prohibits a disease condition from occurring
eg. bike helmet
- administration of folic acid to pregnant women
- immunisation
- Healthy lifestyle counselling
What is secondary prevention
early detection and treatment of a disease through screening
- self screening : breast / testes
- health care screening, mammogram
What is tertiary prevention
rehabilitation of a patient after detection of a disease, preventing complications or progression of the condition
- physic after injury
