Week 1- LAB MICROBIAL TAXONOMY Flashcards
Properly use the binomial nomenclature in the identificationo forganisms. including syntax, capitalization, andpunctuation.
Microbial taxonomy
Identify the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of microorganisms.
Microbial taxonomy
Describe how microbial taxonomy plays a role in diagnostic settings.
Microbial taxonomy
- Describe the basic structure of prokaryotic genetic material.
• Describe the role of mutations in t h e evolution and survival of microorganism
Bacterial genetica and metabolism
• State the functions nbdiologic sign icance prokaryotic cellular structures.
• Differentiate the cel wal of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Bacterial structure
3 types of TAXONOMY
Nomenclature
Identification
Classification
Genotypic Characteristics
Phenotypic Characteristics
Identification
Hierarchical Classification System
Classification
Binomial System (Two-name)
Nomenclature
It includes nomenclature, identification, and classification
The Trinity of Taxonomy
What are the Hierarchical Classification System
SPECIES
GENUS
FAMILY
ORDER
CLASS
PHYLUM
KINGDOM
Relate to an organism genetic make up including the nature of the organisms genes and constituent nucleic acids
Genotypic characteristics
Are based on features beyond the genetic level and include both readily observable characteristics and characteristics that may require extensive analytic procedures to be detected .
Phenotypic characteristics
It includes
-DNA base composition ratio
- Nucleic acid (RNA and DNA) base sequence analysis, including hybridization assays.
Genotypic characteristics
It includes :
- macroscopic and microscopic morphology
- staining character
- environmental and nutritional requirements
- resistance profile
- antigenic properties
- subcellular properties
Phenotypic characteristics
• Bacterial nucleic acid structure and organization
• Replication and expression of genetic information
• Genetic exchange and diversity
Genetics
• Fueling
• Biosynthesis
• Polymerization and assembly
• Waste removal
• Motion and other responses to environment
Metabolism
• Bacterial morphology
• Bacterial cell components
Structure
What are the The Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
Phosphate
Deoxyribose sugar
Ribose sugar
Nucleobases
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine
Guanine
Sdenine
may contain genes that enhance the survival of an organism,
either by killing other organisms or by defendin the producing toxins, and host cell by roviding genetic advantages such as antimicrobial resistance. Some plasmids facilitate the process of replication in bacteria.
Plasmids
• Single (haploid) chromosome
• Genetic material is not contained in membrane-bound organelles
(e.g., nucleus)
• Bacterial chromosome exists as a double-stranded, closed, circular, supercoiled (extensively folded and twisted) macromolecule
• Bacterial plasmids exist as double- stranded, closed, circular, autonomously replicating non-chromosomal elements
Characteristics of Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Nucleic Acid Structure and Organization:
Bacterial DNA Replication includes:
Parent bacteriall cell
Cell division
Two (2) daughter cells
4 Stages of Bacterial DNA Replication:
- Unwinding (relaxation) of supercoiled chromosome DNA
2.Sepa ation of complementary strands of the parent DNA - Synt esis of new DNA strands by DNA polymerase III|
- Termination of replication and segregation of the two identical chromosomes to each daughter cell
Bacterial DNA Replication consists of:
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
