Week 1-BACTE INTRO

Question 1

Wrote a treatise on the germ theory of disease
entitled “de Contagione”

Answer 1

Girolamo Fracastoro or Hieronymous Fracastorius

Question 2

Made key observations on microscopic organisms

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

the ability of bacteria, such as the
Mycobacterium spp., to retain dye when treated with
mineral acid or acid-alcohol solution

Answer 3

Acid-fastness

Question 4

microorganisms that grows
best in the absence of oxygen (O2) but can toerate low
concentrations of oxygen (O2)

Answer 4

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 5

organisms that produce organic
compounds from carbon dioxide as a carbon source

Answer 5

Autotrophs

Question 6

Infectious waste should be placed into two leak-
proof, plastic bags for sturdiness; this is known as

Answer 6

double-bagging

Question 7

Air that contains the infectious material is sterilized,
either by heat, UV light, most commonly by passage
through a

Answer 7

HEPA filter

Question 8

Dry heat

Answer 8

Requires longer exposure times
(1.5 to 3 hours) and higher
temperatures than moist heat
(160°C to 180°C)

Question 9

It is the method of choice for
antibiotic solutions, toxic
chemicals, radioisotopes,
vaccines, and carbohydrates,
which are all heat sensitive.

Answer 9

Filtration

Question 10

used in
microwaves and radiograph
machines are short wavelength
and high-energy gamma rays.

 Used for sterilizing disposables
such as plastic syringes,
catheters, or gloves before use.

Answer 10

Ionizing (gamma) radiation

Question 11

Most common sterilant is_____
which is used in gaseous form for sterilizing heat-
sensitive objects.

Answer 11

Ethylene Oxide (EtO),

Question 12

____and ____have been used to
sterilize HEPA filters in BSCs.

Answer 12

Formaldehyde capor and capor-phase hydrogen
peroxide (oxidizing agent)

Question 13

is sporicidal in 3 to 10
hours, is used for medical equipments such as
bronchoscopes, because it does not corrode
lenses, metal, or rubber.

Answer 13

Glutaraldehyde

Question 14

The use of peracetic acid or glutaraldehyde is
called

Answer 14

Cold sterilization

Question 15

CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS

Answer 15

Phenolics
 Aldehyde
 Halogen (Iodine, Chlorine)
 Alcohol (Ethanol, Isopropanol)
 Heavy Metals
 Quaternary ammonium compounds

Question 16

Includes information on the nature of the chemical,
the precautions to take if the chemical is spilled, the
disposal recommendations.

Answer 16

Manufacturer’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Question 17

_____are provided in the laboratory to prevent
inhalation of toxic fumes.

Answer 17

Fume hoods

Question 18

FIVE MOST FREQUENTLY ACQUIRED LABORATORY
INFECTIONS

Answer 18

Shigellosis
Salmonellosis
Tuberculosis
Brucellosis
Hepatitis

Question 19

 Allow room (unsterilized) air to
pass into the cabinet and around
the area and material within,
sterilizing only the air to be
exhausted.
 They have negative pressure,
are ventilated to the outside, and
are usually operated with an
open front.

Answer 19

Class I cabinets

Question 20

Sterilize air that flows over the
infectious material, as well as air
to be exhausted.

 The air flows in “sheets” which
serve as barriers to particles
from outside the cabinet and
direct the flow of contaminated
air into the filters; thus, called
vertical laminar flow BSCs.

Answer 20

Class II cabinets

Question 21

is self-
contained, and 70% of the
air is recirculated; mostly
used in hospital clinical
microbiology laboratory

Answer 21

Type A (Class IIA)

Question 22

exhaust
air is discharged outside the
building; is selected for
radioisotopes, toxic
chemicals, or carcinogens
will be used.

Answer 22

Type B (Class IIB)

Question 23

Offer the most protection to the
worker because they are
completely closed and have
negative pressure.

 Air coming into and going out of
the cabinet is filter sterilized, and
the infectious material within is
handled with rubber gloves that
are attached and sealed to the
cabinet.

 It is important to the proper
operation of laminar flow
cabinets that an open area for 3
feet from the cabinet be
maintained during operation of
the air-circulating system; this
ensures that infectious material
is directed through the HEPA
filters.

Answer 23

Class III cabinet

Question 24

CLASSES OF BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETS

Answer 24

Class I CABINET
CLASS II CABINETS
CLASS III CABINETS

Question 25

AGENTS ON DIFFERENT BIOSAFETY LEVELS

Answer 25

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1-2-3-4