Week 1- Bacte Intro Def Of Terms

Question 1

degree of pathology caused by an organism;
the disease-evoking power of a microorganism

Answer 1

Virulence

Question 2

liquid or semisolid medium meant
to preserve and maintain the integrity of the specimen
for the period between specimen collection and
laboratory processing of the sample.

Answer 2

Transport medium

Question 3

bacteria that grow best at high
temperatures (optimal growth at 50 to 60°C)

Answer 3

Thermophiles

Question 4

unit of asexual reproduction that appears as a
highly refractile body in the cell

Answer 4

Spores

Question 5

media that support the growth of one
group of microbes but not of another type

Answer 5

Selective media

Question 6

bacteria that grow best at cold
temperatures (optimal growth at 10 to 20°C)

Answer 6

Psychrophiles

Question 7

microorganisms that lack a true nucleus
and nuclear membrane

Answer 7

Prokaryotes

Question 8

demonstrating a variety of shapes and
forms; for a Gram-stain, neither disctinctly coccoid nor
rod-shaped; also used to describe the Gram-stain
morphology od bacteria that exhibit a combination of
cocci, bacilli, coccobacilli, and filamentous forms in a
single stained smear

Answer 8

Pleomorphic

Question 9

extra chromosomal, circular pieces of DNA
found in many strains of bacteria

Answer 9

Plasmids

Question 10

nonmotile, long, hollow protein tubes that connect
two bacterial cells and mediate DNA exchange

Answer 10

Pili

Question 11

organisms capable of causing
disease

Answer 11

Pathogenic bacteria

Question 12

microorganisms that can live and
reproduce only in a strict anaerobic environment (0% O2)

Answer 12

Obligate anaerobes

Question 13

microorganisms that require oxygen
(O2) for growth

Answer 13

Obligate aerobes

Question 14

culture media that are complex; made
of extracts of meat or soybeans

Answer 14

Nutrient media

Question 15

laboratory growth medium whose
contents are simple and completely defined

Answer 15

Minimal medium

Question 16

microorganisms that require
environments containing concentrations of oxygen lower
than that present in the atmosphere (about 20%)

Answer 16

Microaerophilic

Question 17

organisms that grows best in moderate
temperature neither hot nor cold (25°C to 40°C)

Answer 17

Mesophiles

Question 18

incorporation of the genetic material of a
bacteriophage with that of the host bacterium

Answer 18

Lysogeny

Question 19

organism that requires organic
substrates as a source of carbon for growth and
development

Answer 19

Heterotrophs

Question 20

“salt-loving”; an organism that grows best in
media with an increased concentration of NaCl

Answer 20

Halophilic

Question 21

bacteria that retain the crystal
violet complex; appear blue-black on Gram-stained
smears

Answer 21

Gram-positive bacteria

Question 22

bacteria that do not retain the
crystal violet complex; stained red by the safranin
counterstain

Answer 22

Gram-negative bacteria

Question 23

spindle shaped or tapered at each end

Answer 23

Fusiform

Question 24

exterior protein filaments that rotate; used by
microorganisms for motility

Answer 24

Flagella

Question 25

nonflagellar, sticky, proteinaceous, hair-like
appendages that adhere some bacterial cells to each
other and to environmental surfaces

Answer 25

Fimbriae

Question 26

process in which a molecule is oxidized
to produce energy without an exogenous electron
acceptor; organic molecules usually serve as electron
donors and electron acceptors

Answer 26

Fermentation

Question 27

microorganism that does not
require oxygen (O2) for growth but will use oxygen (02)
and grow better if it is present

Answer 27

Facultative anaerobes

Question 28

organism with complex cell; structures in
which the genetic material is organized into a
membrane-bound nucleus

Answer 28

Eukaryotes

Question 29

media that allow grouping of
microbes based on different characteristics
demonstrated on the medium

Answer 29

Differential media

Question 30

organelle in some prokaryotic cells, such as a
bacterial cell located outside the cell wall of the bacteria;
usually made up of polysaccharides but could be
composed of other materials

Answer 30

Capsule

Question 31

used to describe microorganisms that
require an increased concentration of CO2

Answer 31

Capnophilic

Question 32

any microorganism or infectious
substance, or any naturally occurring, bioengineered, or
synthesized component of any such microorganism or
infectious substance, capable of causing death, disease,
or other biological malfunction in a human, animal,
plant, or other living organism

Answer 32

Biological agent

Question 33

potential pathogens inhibited by
the nonpathogenic resident microbiota

Answer 33

Bacterial interference

Question 34

also referred as eubacteria; single-celled
organisms that lack a true nucleus and multiply by binary
fission

Answer 34

Bacteria

Question 35

organisms that produce organic
compounds from carbon dioxide as a carbon source

Answer 35

Autotrophs

Question 36

microorganisms that grows
best in the absence of oxygen (O2) but can toerate low
concentrations of oxygen (O2)

Answer 36

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 37

the ability of bacteria, such as the
Mycobacterium spp., to retain dye when treated with
mineral acid or acid-alcohol solution

Answer 37

Acid-fastness