Week 1- Bacte Intro Def Of Terms Flashcards

1
Q

degree of pathology caused by an organism;
the disease-evoking power of a microorganism

A

Virulence

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2
Q

liquid or semisolid medium meant
to preserve and maintain the integrity of the specimen
for the period between specimen collection and
laboratory processing of the sample.

A

Transport medium

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3
Q

bacteria that grow best at high
temperatures (optimal growth at 50 to 60°C)

A

Thermophiles

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4
Q

unit of asexual reproduction that appears as a
highly refractile body in the cell

A

Spores

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5
Q

media that support the growth of one
group of microbes but not of another type

A

Selective media

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6
Q

bacteria that grow best at cold
temperatures (optimal growth at 10 to 20°C)

A

Psychrophiles

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7
Q

microorganisms that lack a true nucleus
and nuclear membrane

A

Prokaryotes

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8
Q

demonstrating a variety of shapes and
forms; for a Gram-stain, neither disctinctly coccoid nor
rod-shaped; also used to describe the Gram-stain
morphology od bacteria that exhibit a combination of
cocci, bacilli, coccobacilli, and filamentous forms in a
single stained smear

A

Pleomorphic

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9
Q

extra chromosomal, circular pieces of DNA
found in many strains of bacteria

A

Plasmids

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10
Q

nonmotile, long, hollow protein tubes that connect
two bacterial cells and mediate DNA exchange

A

Pili

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11
Q

organisms capable of causing
disease

A

Pathogenic bacteria

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12
Q

microorganisms that can live and
reproduce only in a strict anaerobic environment (0% O2)

A

Obligate anaerobes

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13
Q

microorganisms that require oxygen
(O2) for growth

A

Obligate aerobes

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14
Q

culture media that are complex; made
of extracts of meat or soybeans

A

Nutrient media

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15
Q

laboratory growth medium whose
contents are simple and completely defined

A

Minimal medium

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16
Q

microorganisms that require
environments containing concentrations of oxygen lower
than that present in the atmosphere (about 20%)

A

Microaerophilic

17
Q

organisms that grows best in moderate
temperature neither hot nor cold (25°C to 40°C)

A

Mesophiles

18
Q

incorporation of the genetic material of a
bacteriophage with that of the host bacterium

19
Q

organism that requires organic
substrates as a source of carbon for growth and
development

A

Heterotrophs

20
Q

“salt-loving”; an organism that grows best in
media with an increased concentration of NaCl

A

Halophilic

21
Q

bacteria that retain the crystal
violet complex; appear blue-black on Gram-stained
smears

A

Gram-positive bacteria

22
Q

bacteria that do not retain the
crystal violet complex; stained red by the safranin
counterstain

A

Gram-negative bacteria

23
Q

spindle shaped or tapered at each end

24
Q

exterior protein filaments that rotate; used by
microorganisms for motility

25
nonflagellar, sticky, proteinaceous, hair-like appendages that adhere some bacterial cells to each other and to environmental surfaces
Fimbriae
26
process in which a molecule is oxidized to produce energy without an exogenous electron acceptor; organic molecules usually serve as electron donors and electron acceptors
Fermentation
27
microorganism that does not require oxygen (O2) for growth but will use oxygen (02) and grow better if it is present
Facultative anaerobes
28
organism with complex cell; structures in which the genetic material is organized into a membrane-bound nucleus
Eukaryotes
29
media that allow grouping of microbes based on different characteristics demonstrated on the medium
Differential media
30
organelle in some prokaryotic cells, such as a bacterial cell located outside the cell wall of the bacteria; usually made up of polysaccharides but could be composed of other materials
Capsule
31
used to describe microorganisms that require an increased concentration of CO2
Capnophilic
32
any microorganism or infectious substance, or any naturally occurring, bioengineered, or synthesized component of any such microorganism or infectious substance, capable of causing death, disease, or other biological malfunction in a human, animal, plant, or other living organism
Biological agent
33
potential pathogens inhibited by the nonpathogenic resident microbiota
Bacterial interference
34
also referred as eubacteria; single-celled organisms that lack a true nucleus and multiply by binary fission
Bacteria
35
organisms that produce organic compounds from carbon dioxide as a carbon source
Autotrophs
36
microorganisms that grows best in the absence of oxygen (O2) but can toerate low concentrations of oxygen (O2)
Aerotolerant anaerobes
37
the ability of bacteria, such as the Mycobacterium spp., to retain dye when treated with mineral acid or acid-alcohol solution
Acid-fastness