Week 1-BACTE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
Identified the “holy grail” of genetics in 1944 with their
finding that the “transforming principle” or genetic
material of S. pneumoniae was DNA, not protein as
previously postulated.
Oswald Avery, Maclyn MacCarty, and Colin MacLeod
Discoverer of serum therapy for diphtheria and tetanus
Emil von Behring
Discovered bacterial endotoxin
Played a major role in the development of killed typhoid
vaccines
Richard Pfieffer
Co-discoverer of antibodies, antigens, and chemotherapy
for infectious diseases.
Paul Elrich
He was the first to use the Hanging Drop Method by
studying bacterial motility
Robert Koch (1843-1910)
Father of Bacteriology”
Robert Koch (1843-1910)
Identified anthrax bacilli in the blood of infected sheep
and successfully transmitted the infection into healthy
experimental animals.
Robert koch
He also pioneered a number of laboratory techniques
such as the use of oil immersion microscope to study
bacteria
Developed new staining methods for bacterial
identification
Invented procedures for the isolation of pure bacterial
cultures (Koch plate technique) on solid media facilitated
by the use of agar as the solidifying agent in flat petri
dishes
Discovered the microbial etiology of tuberculosis
Also discovered the causal or causative agent of cholera
Robert Koch
Father of Modern Surgery”
Joseph Lister
Developed a system of antiseptic surgery — designed to
prevent microorganisms from entering wounds. This
approach was remarkably successful and transformed
surgery after Lister published his findings in 1867. It also
provided strong evidence for the role of microorganisms
in disease because phenol, which killed bacteria, also
prevented wound infections.
Joseph Lister
He established the guiding principles of antisepsis for
good surgical practice and was milestone in the evolution
of surgical practice from the era of “laudable pus” to
modern antisepsis techniques.
Joseph Lister
Discovered cobra antivenin and developed Bacillus-
Calmette-Guerin, the first effective tuberculosis vaccine.
Albert Calmette
Discovered the process of phagocytosis and provided the
initial description of innate immunity.
Ilya Metchnikoff
Discovered whooping cough bacillus and complements
Jules Bordet
Discovered diphtheria toxin and antitoxin
Emile Roux
Co-discoverer of plague bacillus
Alexandra Yersin
Invented the autoclave and developed the Pasteurella
vaccine
Charles Chamberland
Invented the autoclave and developed the Pasteurella
vaccine
Charles Chamberland
Coined the term “vaccine”
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
Convincingly demonstrated that microorganisms were
responsible for the fermentation of fluids thus proving
the germ theory of disease.
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
Convincingly demonstrated that microorganisms were
responsible for the fermentation of fluids thus proving
the germ theory of disease.
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
Showed the heat sterilization, chemical sterilization, or
filtration of air and water could maintain organic
materials in sterile conditions indefinitely without
microbial growth. Techniques of sterilization and
“pasteurization” of dairy products was soon introduced.
Louis Pasteur
Published a pamphlet in which he speculated that
cholera was a waterborne or foodborne, intestinal
illness.
John Snow
Founding Father of the field of Epidemiology”
John Snow
Advocated hand washing using dilute, chlorinated
lime solution to help stop the spread of disease.
Ignaz Semmelweis
From the earliest times, people believed and
supported spontaneous generation that living
organisms could develop from nonliving matter.
Spontaneous Generation (Abiogenesis)
He first accurately described the different shapes of
bacteria as cocci (spheres), bacilli (rods) and
spirochetes (spiral filaments) and communicated
them to Royal Society of London in 1683.
Anton van Leeuwwenhoek
Credited with first identifying microorganisms, or
“little animals or animacules”, using his newly
developed microscope in 1677.
Anton van Leeuwwenhoek
Made key observations on microscopic organisms
Robert Hooke
Wrote a treatise on the germ theory of disease
entitled “de Contagione”
Girolamo Fracastoro or Hieronymous Fracastorius
