Week 1: Introduction To Community And Public Health Flashcards
1
Q
This includes guidelines in isolation of Lepers
A
Leviticus 15:11-18
2
Q
This includes laws for physicians and health practices
A
Code of Hammurabi
3
Q
A person suffering from leprosy
A
Leper
4
Q
Archeological findings that provide evidence of sewage disposal and written medical prescriptions
A
Prior 2000 B.C.E
5
Q
When was the Bible’s Book of Leviticus written?
A
Circa 1500 B.C.E
6
Q
What is perhaps the earliest written record of public health?
A
Code of Hammurabi
7
Q
They were involved in the practice of community sanitation
A
Greeks
8
Q
They improved the community sanitation of Greeks
A
Romans
9
Q
They created hospitals as infirmaries for slaves
A
Romans
10
Q
They created hospitals as benevolent charitable organizations
A
Christians
11
Q
When was the fall of the Roman Empire?
A
476 C.E
12
Q
Most public health activities were ceased in the ____________
A
Fall of Roman Empire
13
Q
Notable epidemics: The Black Death
A
543-1348
14
Q
Notable epidemics: Leprosy
A
1200
15
Q
Notable epidemics: Syphilis
A
1492
16
Q
Considered as the Dark Ages
A
500-1000 C.E
17
Q
Spiritual era of Public Health
A
The Dark Ages in Europe
18
Q
What did John Graunt publish in the year 1662?
A
Observations on the Bill of Mortality
19
Q
The beginning of vital statistics
A
Observations on the Bill of Mortality
20
Q
Plaque epidemic killed ___% of London’s population in _______
A
15; 1665
21
Q
Who introduced the smallpox vaccine?
A
Edward Jenner
22
Q
When was the smallpox vaccine introduced?
A
1796
23
Q
What century was characterized by industrial growth?
A
18th century
24
Q
What is the theory that postulated that miasmas were the source of many diseases
A
Miasmas Theory
25
Bacteriological period of public health
1875-1900
26
Modern era of public health began in year _____
1850
27
Dr. _____________ studied the _____ __________ Endemic and hypothesized that the disease was being caused by the drinking water from the _______________ pump
John Snow; 1854; Cholera; Broad Street
28
Who is the Father of Modern Epidemiology?
Dr. John Snow
29
Who introduced Germ Theory of Diseases?
Louis Pasteur
30
When was the Germ Theory of Diseases introduced?
1862
31
What theory stated that living organisms could arrive from inorganic or non-living matter
Theory of Spontaneous Generation
32
What did Robert Koch demonstrate in the year 1876?
anthrax bacillus
33
According to Reed in 1900, what was the source of yellow fever?
Mosquitoes
34
When was the beginning of Bacteriological Era of Public Health
19th century
35
Life expectancy during the 20th century
Less than 50 years
36
What were the leading causes of death during the 20th century?
Communicable diseases like influenza, pneumonia, and tuberculosis
37
When was the Constitution of WHO came into force?
April 7, 1948
38
When was the WHO Global Smallpox Eradication Program?
1959
39
When was smallpox declared to be eradicated
1980
40
When was the Pre-Spanish Era in the history of Public Health in the Philippines?
1545
41
What causes malaria?
Female anopheles mosquito
42
During the Pre-Spanish Era, ailments were believed to be caused by what?
Disharmony with the spiritual world
43
During the Pre-Spanish Era, restoring health meant what?
Appeasing the gods through rituals
44
Who is the mediator between the physical and spiritual worlds, having the knowledge of healing?
Babaylan
45
What is one of the most prized medicinal plant from the mountain regions of Visayas?
Igasud / Pepita of San Ignacio
46
Its seed when chewed is an antidote for poison
Igasud
47
When did DOH launch the Traditional Health Program?
1992
48
Republic Act 8423
Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997 (TAMA of 1997)
49
Who signed the RA 8423?
President Fidel V. Ramos
50
What institution is tasked to promote and advocate the use of traditional and alternative healthcare modalities through scientific research and product development?
Philippine Institution of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAC)
51
Top 10 medicinal plants
1. Bayabas
2. Akapulko
3. Niyug-niyogan
4. Tsaang Gubat
5. Ampalaya
6. Yerba Buena
7. Lagundi
8. Ulasimang Bato
9. Bawang
10. Sambong
52
Spanish Era
1565-1898
53
Which hospital represents the early medical healthcare in the Spanish Era?
San Lazaro Church and Hospital
54
San Lazaro Hospital was founded in ______ by ______________, a Spanish friar.
1577; Juan Clemente
55
The first very hospital in the Philippines is the:
Hospital Real
56
Hospital Real was established in _________ by _________________ in the year ________.
Cebu; Miguel Lopez de Legazpi; 1565
57
Who approved and funded the first hospital in the Philippines?
King Philip II
58
Hospital Real was relocated to __________ when the seat of power transferred there.
Manila
59
This hospital was exclusive for Spanish soldiers and sailors
Hospital Real
60
Hospital Real was destroyed during an earthquake on ______________
June 3, 1863
61
Which hospital was established in 1578 by Fray Clemente
Hospital de Naturales
62
What destroyed Hospital de Naturales in 1603?
Fire
63
One of the oldest medical institution in the Philippines which was the new location where Hospital de Naturales was reconstructed
Hospital de San Lazaro
64
Where did the name of Hospital de San Lazaro came from?
It was given after the hospital undertook the care of 150 lepers sent to the Philippines
65
Who sent the 150 lepers in the Philippines in 1632?
Japanese emperor lemitsu
66
Who was the Governor-General when Hospital de San Lazaro undertook the care of 150 lepers?
Juan Nino de Tabora
67
Why was Hospital de San Lazaro demolished in 1662?
The city was under the threat of invasion by the Chine Pirate Chen Ch’e Kung
68
Hospital known as the Center for infectious diseases and reference laboratory for HIV and Hepatitis B
Hospital de San Lazaro
69
Who reported that the inhabitants of Cebu were afflicted with itchy lesions and a certain ”bubas” in 1582
Miguel de Loarca
70
Introduction of safe water supply was in the _______. The water taken from various water sources are stored in ________________.
1690s; bamboo poles
71
When was the UST Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy established?
1871
72
What was the first medical school in the Philippines?
University of Santo Tomas
73
What was the first recorded epidemic in the Philippines?
1574 Smallpox Epidemic
74
What was believed as the probable source of an epidemic that soon spread to Manila and its neighboring provinces in 1789?
A vessel from China traveling to the Ilocos region
75
When did King Carlos IV of Spain ordered the smallpox vaccine expedition?
April 15, 1805
76
Who led the smallpox vaccine expedition in 1805?
Dr. Francisco de Balmis
77
Other diseases during the Spanish Era
1583 Cholera epidemic and Beri-beri / Thiamine (Vit. B1) deficiency
78
When was the American Era?
1898-1918
79
What era was focused on improving healthcare by building more hospitals and implementing measures to prevent the spread of diseases?
American era
80
Gen. Order 15
Bureau of Public Health
81
What was the purpose of the Board of Public Health?
Protecting the health of the American soldiers
82
Where was the Board of Health established?
City of Manila
83
The Bureau of Public Health is part of the government of _____________.
Aguinaldo
84
Who headed the Bureau of Public Health?
Dr. Frank Bourns
85
Who was appointed as the first Commissioner of the Board of Health in 1899?
Dr. Guy Edie
86
How many people died in the Cholera epidemic in 1902-1905?
200, 222 lives
87
How many children died in the 1902-1905 Cholera epidemic?
66, 000
88
When was the UP College of Medicine and Surgery established?
1905
89
What did the UP College of Medicine and Surgery use as their model?
John Hopkins University
90
When was the Leper Law enacted?
1907
91
What is the purpose of the Leper Law?
To provide for the compulsory apprehension, detention, and segregation of people with leprosy
92
When was the Mass Vaccination for smallpox?
1917
93
How many Filipinos were given the smallpox vaccine?
25 million
94
When was the Bureau of Health reorganized?
1915
95
What was the Bureau of Health renamed to in 1915?
Philippine Health Services (PHS)
96
Who enacted the Jones Law?
Woodrow Wilson
97
When was the Jones Law enacted?
1916
98
Why was the Jones Law enacted?
It is for the intention of the US to withdraw their sovereignty over the Philippines
99
Who was appointed as the first Filipino Assistant Director of PHS in 1914?
Dr. Vicente de Jesus
100
When was Dr. Vicente de Jesus appointed as Director of PHS?
1919
101
Who started the Filipinization of Health Services?
Dr. Vicente de Jesus
102
When was the Filipinization of Health Services?
1918 - 1941
103
Who became the US President in 1921?
Warren Harding
104
Who headed the immediate investigation and evaluation of the conditions in the Philippines?
Leonard Wood and William Forbes
105
What did Wood and Forbes noted about the condition of the Philippines?
lack of hospitals and dispensaries and the loss of “zeal and vigor” among the health personnel
106
Who became the Governor-General in 1932?
Theodore Roosevelt Jr.
107
What was the PHS reverted to in 1933?
Bureau of Health
108
Who was appointed as Commissioner of Public Health and Welfare in 1934?
Dr. Jose Fabella
109
Dr. Jose Fabella was soon appointed to what position?
First Secretary of Health and Public Welfare
110
Why did water-borne diseases decreased in 1934?
Due to the construction of a modern water filtration plant in Manila that supplied safe quality water
111
When was the start of PH Commonwealth?
1935
112
The combination of PHS, Office of Public Welfare Commissioner, and Tuberculosis Commission
Department of Health and Public Welfare
113
When was the Japanese Occupation?
1942 - 1945
114
When was the inauguration of Japanese-sponsored republic?
October 14, 1943
115
Who was the president in the Japanese-sponsored republic?
Jose P. Laurel
116
Who was the Commissioner of Education, Health, and Public Welfare in the Japanese occupation?
Claro M. Recto
117
Who was the Director of Health during the Japanese occupation?
Dr. Eusebio Aguilar
118
How many segregated lepers escaped in search of food during the Japanese occupation?
5,000
119
When did the Second Commonwealth take place?
1945 - 1946
120
When was the reconstitution of Commonwealth?
February 27, 1945
121
Reconstitution of Commonwealth with ________________ as president
Sergio Osmena
122
What conducted the survey of the health and sanitary conditions in post-war Philippines?
United States Public Health Service (USPHS)
123
What did the USPHS reported from the survey of the health and sanitary conditions in post-war Philippines?
1. The cases of infectious diseases were high
2. Malnutrition and beriberi were widespread
3. Public sanitation was in a deplorable state
4. Destruction of health infrastructure posed new threats of cholera, plague, smallpox, and other epidemics
124
When was the Department of Health established?
October 4, 1947
125
What was the order that established DOH?
Executive Order No. 94
126
Who signed the order for the establishment of DOH?
President Manuel Roxas
127
Who was appointed Secretary of DOH?
Dr. Antonio C. Villarama
128
What were the 3 district units of DOH?
Bureau of Health
Bureau of Quarantine
Bureau of Hospitals
129
The Department of Health was reorganized under what order?
Executive Order 288
130
The Department of Health was reorganized under the order signed by who?
President Elpidio Quirino
131
What transformed the puericulture centres to RHUs and health centres?
Rural Health Act of 1954
132
During the Martial Law, DOH was transformed to ___________________
Ministry of Health
133
What did the primary health-care approach followed?
Alma Ata Declaration
134
When was the DOH Regional headquarters for western pacific transferred from HK to PH?
August 15, 1951
135
When was FDA established?
1963
136
RA 3720
The Food and Drug Act
137
When was the Alma Ata Declaration?
September 6-12, 1978
138
What is the major milestone of the 20th century in the field of public health?
Alma Ata Declaration
139
It identified primary health care as the key to the attainment of the goal of Health for All
Alma Ata Declaration
140
Who launched the nationwide implementation of the Primary Health Care approach?
Dr. Jesus Azurin
141
Who was the First World Health Organization Sasakawa Health Prize recipient?
Dr. Jesus Azurin
142
What order reverted the Ministry of Health to DOH?
Executive Order 119
143
Who became the Secretary of Health during the People Power Revolution of 1986?
Dr. Alfredo Bengzon
144
RA 7305
Magna Carta for Public Health Workers
145
When was RA 7305 established?
1992
146
RA 7875
National Health Insurance Act
147
When was RA 7875 established?
1995
148
Who signed RA 7875?
Fidel V. Ramos
149
What did the National Health Insurance Act establish?
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth)
150
RA 11223
Universal Health Care Act
151
When was RA 11223 established?
2019
152
Who signed for the RA 11223?
President Rodrigo Duterte
153
What act states that all Filipinos are guaranteed equitable access to quality and affordable healthcare goods and services and protected against financial risk?
Universal Health Care Act
154
What act states to instill health consciousness among our people to effectively carry out the health programs and objects to the government essential to the growth and health of the nation?
Magna Carta for Public Health Workers
155
What acts says that the state shall adapt in integrated and comprehensive approach to the health development which shall endeavor to make essential goods, health, and other social services available to all Filipino at an affordable cost?
National Health Insurance Act
156
What is the basis of structure of DOH?
Executive Order 366
157
Who signed for EO 366?
President Arroyo
158
When was EO 366 established?
2004
159
How many bureaus and services does the DOH central office consists?
18 bureaus and services
160
How many regional health offices does DOH have?
17
161
What acts as the national lead agency of health?
Department of Health
162
This consists of Rural Health Units and Barangay Health Stations
Municipal Health System
163
This consists of Health centers, BHS, City hospitals, and Medical centers
City Health System
164
When was the first case of SARS-COV-2 in the Philippines?
January 22, 2020
165
When was the first case of SARS-COV-2 in China?
December 31, 2019
166
Where does dengue come from?
infected Aedes aegypti
167
What does HIV mean?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
168
What does AIDS mean?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
