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CPHMLS > Week 1: Introduction To Community And Public Health > Flashcards

Week 1: Introduction To Community And Public Health Flashcards

1
Q

This includes guidelines in isolation of Lepers

A

Leviticus 15:11-18

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2
Q

This includes laws for physicians and health practices

A

Code of Hammurabi

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3
Q

A person suffering from leprosy

A

Leper

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4
Q

Archeological findings that provide evidence of sewage disposal and written medical prescriptions

A

Prior 2000 B.C.E

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5
Q

When was the Bible’s Book of Leviticus written?

A

Circa 1500 B.C.E

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6
Q

What is perhaps the earliest written record of public health?

A

Code of Hammurabi

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7
Q

They were involved in the practice of community sanitation

A

Greeks

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8
Q

They improved the community sanitation of Greeks

A

Romans

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9
Q

They created hospitals as infirmaries for slaves

A

Romans

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10
Q

They created hospitals as benevolent charitable organizations

A

Christians

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11
Q

When was the fall of the Roman Empire?

A

476 C.E

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12
Q

Most public health activities were ceased in the ____________

A

Fall of Roman Empire

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13
Q

Notable epidemics: The Black Death

A

543-1348

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14
Q

Notable epidemics: Leprosy

A

1200

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15
Q

Notable epidemics: Syphilis

A

1492

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16
Q

Considered as the Dark Ages

A

500-1000 C.E

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17
Q

Spiritual era of Public Health

A

The Dark Ages in Europe

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18
Q

What did John Graunt publish in the year 1662?

A

Observations on the Bill of Mortality

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19
Q

The beginning of vital statistics

A

Observations on the Bill of Mortality

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20
Q

Plaque epidemic killed ___% of London’s population in _______

A

15; 1665

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21
Q

Who introduced the smallpox vaccine?

A

Edward Jenner

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22
Q

When was the smallpox vaccine introduced?

A

1796

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23
Q

What century was characterized by industrial growth?

A

18th century

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24
Q

What is the theory that postulated that miasmas were the source of many diseases

A

Miasmas Theory

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25
Q

Bacteriological period of public health

A

1875-1900

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26
Q

Modern era of public health began in year _____

A

1850

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27
Q

Dr. _____________ studied the _____ __________ Endemic and hypothesized that the disease was being caused by the drinking water from the _______________ pump

A

John Snow; 1854; Cholera; Broad Street

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28
Q

Who is the Father of Modern Epidemiology?

A

Dr. John Snow

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29
Q

Who introduced Germ Theory of Diseases?

A

Louis Pasteur

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30
Q

When was the Germ Theory of Diseases introduced?

A

1862

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31
Q

What theory stated that living organisms could arrive from inorganic or non-living matter

A

Theory of Spontaneous Generation

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32
Q

What did Robert Koch demonstrate in the year 1876?

A

anthrax bacillus

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33
Q

According to Reed in 1900, what was the source of yellow fever?

A

Mosquitoes

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34
Q

When was the beginning of Bacteriological Era of Public Health

A

19th century

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35
Q

Life expectancy during the 20th century

A

Less than 50 years

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36
Q

What were the leading causes of death during the 20th century?

A

Communicable diseases like influenza, pneumonia, and tuberculosis

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37
Q

When was the Constitution of WHO came into force?

A

April 7, 1948

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38
Q

When was the WHO Global Smallpox Eradication Program?

A

1959

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39
Q

When was smallpox declared to be eradicated

A

1980

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40
Q

When was the Pre-Spanish Era in the history of Public Health in the Philippines?

A

1545

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41
Q

What causes malaria?

A

Female anopheles mosquito

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42
Q

During the Pre-Spanish Era, ailments were believed to be caused by what?

A

Disharmony with the spiritual world

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43
Q

During the Pre-Spanish Era, restoring health meant what?

A

Appeasing the gods through rituals

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44
Q

Who is the mediator between the physical and spiritual worlds, having the knowledge of healing?

A

Babaylan

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45
Q

What is one of the most prized medicinal plant from the mountain regions of Visayas?

A

Igasud / Pepita of San Ignacio

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46
Q

Its seed when chewed is an antidote for poison

A

Igasud

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47
Q

When did DOH launch the Traditional Health Program?

A

1992

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48
Q

Republic Act 8423

A

Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997 (TAMA of 1997)

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49
Q

Who signed the RA 8423?

A

President Fidel V. Ramos

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50
Q

What institution is tasked to promote and advocate the use of traditional and alternative healthcare modalities through scientific research and product development?

A

Philippine Institution of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAC)

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51
Q

Top 10 medicinal plants

A
  1. Bayabas
  2. Akapulko
  3. Niyug-niyogan
  4. Tsaang Gubat
  5. Ampalaya
  6. Yerba Buena
  7. Lagundi
  8. Ulasimang Bato
  9. Bawang
  10. Sambong
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52
Q

Spanish Era

A

1565-1898

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53
Q

Which hospital represents the early medical healthcare in the Spanish Era?

A

San Lazaro Church and Hospital

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54
Q

San Lazaro Hospital was founded in ______ by ______________, a Spanish friar.

A

1577; Juan Clemente

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55
Q

The first very hospital in the Philippines is the:

A

Hospital Real

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56
Q

Hospital Real was established in _________ by _________________ in the year ________.

A

Cebu; Miguel Lopez de Legazpi; 1565

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57
Q

Who approved and funded the first hospital in the Philippines?

A

King Philip II

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58
Q

Hospital Real was relocated to __________ when the seat of power transferred there.

A

Manila

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59
Q

This hospital was exclusive for Spanish soldiers and sailors

A

Hospital Real

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60
Q

Hospital Real was destroyed during an earthquake on ______________

A

June 3, 1863

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61
Q

Which hospital was established in 1578 by Fray Clemente

A

Hospital de Naturales

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62
Q

What destroyed Hospital de Naturales in 1603?

A

Fire

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63
Q

One of the oldest medical institution in the Philippines which was the new location where Hospital de Naturales was reconstructed

A

Hospital de San Lazaro

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64
Q

Where did the name of Hospital de San Lazaro came from?

A

It was given after the hospital undertook the care of 150 lepers sent to the Philippines

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65
Q

Who sent the 150 lepers in the Philippines in 1632?

A

Japanese emperor lemitsu

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66
Q

Who was the Governor-General when Hospital de San Lazaro undertook the care of 150 lepers?

A

Juan Nino de Tabora

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67
Q

Why was Hospital de San Lazaro demolished in 1662?

A

The city was under the threat of invasion by the Chine Pirate Chen Ch’e Kung

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68
Q

Hospital known as the Center for infectious diseases and reference laboratory for HIV and Hepatitis B

A

Hospital de San Lazaro

69
Q

Who reported that the inhabitants of Cebu were afflicted with itchy lesions and a certain ”bubas” in 1582

A

Miguel de Loarca

70
Q

Introduction of safe water supply was in the _______. The water taken from various water sources are stored in ________________.

A

1690s; bamboo poles

71
Q

When was the UST Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy established?

A

1871

72
Q

What was the first medical school in the Philippines?

A

University of Santo Tomas

73
Q

What was the first recorded epidemic in the Philippines?

A

1574 Smallpox Epidemic

74
Q

What was believed as the probable source of an epidemic that soon spread to Manila and its neighboring provinces in 1789?

A

A vessel from China traveling to the Ilocos region

75
Q

When did King Carlos IV of Spain ordered the smallpox vaccine expedition?

A

April 15, 1805

76
Q

Who led the smallpox vaccine expedition in 1805?

A

Dr. Francisco de Balmis

77
Q

Other diseases during the Spanish Era

A

1583 Cholera epidemic and Beri-beri / Thiamine (Vit. B1) deficiency

78
Q

When was the American Era?

A

1898-1918

79
Q

What era was focused on improving healthcare by building more hospitals and implementing measures to prevent the spread of diseases?

A

American era

80
Q

Gen. Order 15

A

Bureau of Public Health

81
Q

What was the purpose of the Board of Public Health?

A

Protecting the health of the American soldiers

82
Q

Where was the Board of Health established?

A

City of Manila

83
Q

The Bureau of Public Health is part of the government of _____________.

A

Aguinaldo

84
Q

Who headed the Bureau of Public Health?

A

Dr. Frank Bourns

85
Q

Who was appointed as the first Commissioner of the Board of Health in 1899?

A

Dr. Guy Edie

86
Q

How many people died in the Cholera epidemic in 1902-1905?

A

200, 222 lives

87
Q

How many children died in the 1902-1905 Cholera epidemic?

A

66, 000

88
Q

When was the UP College of Medicine and Surgery established?

A

1905

89
Q

What did the UP College of Medicine and Surgery use as their model?

A

John Hopkins University

90
Q

When was the Leper Law enacted?

A

1907

91
Q

What is the purpose of the Leper Law?

A

To provide for the compulsory apprehension, detention, and segregation of people with leprosy

92
Q

When was the Mass Vaccination for smallpox?

A

1917

93
Q

How many Filipinos were given the smallpox vaccine?

A

25 million

94
Q

When was the Bureau of Health reorganized?

A

1915

95
Q

What was the Bureau of Health renamed to in 1915?

A

Philippine Health Services (PHS)

96
Q

Who enacted the Jones Law?

A

Woodrow Wilson

97
Q

When was the Jones Law enacted?

A

1916

98
Q

Why was the Jones Law enacted?

A

It is for the intention of the US to withdraw their sovereignty over the Philippines

99
Q

Who was appointed as the first Filipino Assistant Director of PHS in 1914?

A

Dr. Vicente de Jesus

100
Q

When was Dr. Vicente de Jesus appointed as Director of PHS?

A

1919

101
Q

Who started the Filipinization of Health Services?

A

Dr. Vicente de Jesus

102
Q

When was the Filipinization of Health Services?

A

1918 - 1941

103
Q

Who became the US President in 1921?

A

Warren Harding

104
Q

Who headed the immediate investigation and evaluation of the conditions in the Philippines?

A

Leonard Wood and William Forbes

105
Q

What did Wood and Forbes noted about the condition of the Philippines?

A

lack of hospitals and dispensaries and the loss of “zeal and vigor” among the health personnel

106
Q

Who became the Governor-General in 1932?

A

Theodore Roosevelt Jr.

107
Q

What was the PHS reverted to in 1933?

A

Bureau of Health

108
Q

Who was appointed as Commissioner of Public Health and Welfare in 1934?

A

Dr. Jose Fabella

109
Q

Dr. Jose Fabella was soon appointed to what position?

A

First Secretary of Health and Public Welfare

110
Q

Why did water-borne diseases decreased in 1934?

A

Due to the construction of a modern water filtration plant in Manila that supplied safe quality water

111
Q

When was the start of PH Commonwealth?

A

1935

112
Q

The combination of PHS, Office of Public Welfare Commissioner, and Tuberculosis Commission

A

Department of Health and Public Welfare

113
Q

When was the Japanese Occupation?

A

1942 - 1945

114
Q

When was the inauguration of Japanese-sponsored republic?

A

October 14, 1943

115
Q

Who was the president in the Japanese-sponsored republic?

A

Jose P. Laurel

116
Q

Who was the Commissioner of Education, Health, and Public Welfare in the Japanese occupation?

A

Claro M. Recto

117
Q

Who was the Director of Health during the Japanese occupation?

A

Dr. Eusebio Aguilar

118
Q

How many segregated lepers escaped in search of food during the Japanese occupation?

A

5,000

119
Q

When did the Second Commonwealth take place?

A

1945 - 1946

120
Q

When was the reconstitution of Commonwealth?

A

February 27, 1945

121
Q

Reconstitution of Commonwealth with ________________ as president

A

Sergio Osmena

122
Q

What conducted the survey of the health and sanitary conditions in post-war Philippines?

A

United States Public Health Service (USPHS)

123
Q

What did the USPHS reported from the survey of the health and sanitary conditions in post-war Philippines?

A
  1. The cases of infectious diseases were high
  2. Malnutrition and beriberi were widespread
  3. Public sanitation was in a deplorable state
  4. Destruction of health infrastructure posed new threats of cholera, plague, smallpox, and other epidemics
124
Q

When was the Department of Health established?

A

October 4, 1947

125
Q

What was the order that established DOH?

A

Executive Order No. 94

126
Q

Who signed the order for the establishment of DOH?

A

President Manuel Roxas

127
Q

Who was appointed Secretary of DOH?

A

Dr. Antonio C. Villarama

128
Q

What were the 3 district units of DOH?

A

Bureau of Health
Bureau of Quarantine
Bureau of Hospitals

129
Q

The Department of Health was reorganized under what order?

A

Executive Order 288

130
Q

The Department of Health was reorganized under the order signed by who?

A

President Elpidio Quirino

131
Q

What transformed the puericulture centres to RHUs and health centres?

A

Rural Health Act of 1954

132
Q

During the Martial Law, DOH was transformed to ___________________

A

Ministry of Health

133
Q

What did the primary health-care approach followed?

A

Alma Ata Declaration

134
Q

When was the DOH Regional headquarters for western pacific transferred from HK to PH?

A

August 15, 1951

135
Q

When was FDA established?

A

1963

136
Q

RA 3720

A

The Food and Drug Act

137
Q

When was the Alma Ata Declaration?

A

September 6-12, 1978

138
Q

What is the major milestone of the 20th century in the field of public health?

A

Alma Ata Declaration

139
Q

It identified primary health care as the key to the attainment of the goal of Health for All

A

Alma Ata Declaration

140
Q

Who launched the nationwide implementation of the Primary Health Care approach?

A

Dr. Jesus Azurin

141
Q

Who was the First World Health Organization Sasakawa Health Prize recipient?

A

Dr. Jesus Azurin

142
Q

What order reverted the Ministry of Health to DOH?

A

Executive Order 119

143
Q

Who became the Secretary of Health during the People Power Revolution of 1986?

A

Dr. Alfredo Bengzon

144
Q

RA 7305

A

Magna Carta for Public Health Workers

145
Q

When was RA 7305 established?

A

1992

146
Q

RA 7875

A

National Health Insurance Act

147
Q

When was RA 7875 established?

A

1995

148
Q

Who signed RA 7875?

A

Fidel V. Ramos

149
Q

What did the National Health Insurance Act establish?

A

Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth)

150
Q

RA 11223

A

Universal Health Care Act

151
Q

When was RA 11223 established?

A

2019

152
Q

Who signed for the RA 11223?

A

President Rodrigo Duterte

153
Q

What act states that all Filipinos are guaranteed equitable access to quality and affordable healthcare goods and services and protected against financial risk?

A

Universal Health Care Act

154
Q

What act states to instill health consciousness among our people to effectively carry out the health programs and objects to the government essential to the growth and health of the nation?

A

Magna Carta for Public Health Workers

155
Q

What acts says that the state shall adapt in integrated and comprehensive approach to the health development which shall endeavor to make essential goods, health, and other social services available to all Filipino at an affordable cost?

A

National Health Insurance Act

156
Q

What is the basis of structure of DOH?

A

Executive Order 366

157
Q

Who signed for EO 366?

A

President Arroyo

158
Q

When was EO 366 established?

A

2004

159
Q

How many bureaus and services does the DOH central office consists?

A

18 bureaus and services

160
Q

How many regional health offices does DOH have?

A

17

161
Q

What acts as the national lead agency of health?

A

Department of Health

162
Q

This consists of Rural Health Units and Barangay Health Stations

A

Municipal Health System

163
Q

This consists of Health centers, BHS, City hospitals, and Medical centers

A

City Health System

164
Q

When was the first case of SARS-COV-2 in the Philippines?

A

January 22, 2020

165
Q

When was the first case of SARS-COV-2 in China?

A

December 31, 2019

166
Q

Where does dengue come from?

A

infected Aedes aegypti

167
Q

What does HIV mean?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

168
Q

What does AIDS mean?

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

CPHMLS (10 decks)

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