Week 1 Intro to Rehab and Stroke

Question 1

One of the disablement concepts wherein Reference is on the function of tissues, organs, body systems

Answer 1

Body function and structures

Question 2

What is Activity (One of the disablement concepts)

Answer 2

• refers to the capacity of a person to perform basic tasks or actions

Question 3

Defined by the roles and tasks within a socio/cultural physical environment

Answer 3

Participation

Question 4

According to the WHO, “it is a set of interventions designed to optimise functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment”

Answer 4

Rehabilitation

Question 5

Changing of environmental circumstances so that the impact of the disability is negated

Answer 5

Adaptation

Question 5

What is restoration?

Answer 5

• trying to restore the person’s ability - we remedy the cause of the person’s disability

Question 6

What is compensation?

Answer 6

compensate for the disability by enhancing other characteristics of the person

Question 7

Area of the brain responsible for speech or language production/articulation?

Answer 7

Broca’s area (Frontal Lobe)

Question 8

What is the Frontal Lobe responsible for?

Answer 8

• thinking and creativity
• emotions
• MOTOR CONTROL

Question 9

Responsible for the sensory area, memory of objects - their uses and directions

Answer 9

• Parietal Lobe

Question 9

Responsible for vision, visual processing, memory

Answer 9

Occipital lobe

Question 10

Responsible for the coordination and control of movement

Answer 10

cerebellum

Question 11

the body’s information relay station

Answer 11

Thalamus

Question 11

responsible for conscious thought process, intellectual functions

Answer 11

Cerebrum

Question 12

Regulates body systems - Helps with the production of hormones to regulate such systems

Answer 12

Hypothalamus

Question 13

What are the signs of an UPPER MOTOR NEURON SYNDROME?

Answer 13

• weakness or paralysis of movements
• no profound wasting (wasting is generalised)
• spasticity and hyperreflexia (this is due to no descending output from the brain to calm the reflexes down)
• primitive reflexes

Question 14

Responsible for memory formation

Answer 14

Hippocampus

Question 15

What are the signs of a LOWER MOTOR NEURON SYNDROME?

Answer 15

• weakness or paralysis of INDIVIDUAL muscles
• wasting
• fasciculation
• hypotonia and hyporeflexia/areflexia

Question 16

Where do Glioma’s arise?

Answer 16

From brain tissues

Question 17

Primary brain tumour that arises from cranial nerves

Answer 17

Schwannomas

Question 17

Arises from surrounding membranes/meninges

Answer 17

Meningiomas

Question 18

Primary brain tumour that arises from blood vessels

Answer 18

Haemangioblastomas

Question 19

Primary brain tumour that arises from nerve sheaths

Answer 19

Neuromas

Question 20

What do you call the tumours that metastasize to the brain

Answer 20

Secondary Tumours, they include:
- melanoma, breast. lung, renal cells and others

Question 21

This happens when there is an increase in CSF volume due to impaired reabsorption, RARELY FROM SECRETION

Answer 21

Hydrocephalus

Question 22

What artery supplies 80% of the Brain?

Answer 22

Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA)

Question 23

The MCA supplies the…

Answer 23

Supplies lateral areas and the bulk of the hemispheres (In the human homunculus - the face and upper limb regions)

Question 24

Supplies the medial part of the brain and in the human homunculus - lower limb

Answer 24

ACA (Anterior cerebral artery)

Question 25

What is the acute loss of local brain function, has neurological signs which lasts at least 24 hours or leads to death with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin?

Answer 25

Stroke

Question 25

Involves both the MCA & ACA

Answer 25

TACI (total anterior circulation infraction)

Question 26

What are the subtypes of stroke?

Answer 26

• Ischemic (85%)
• Intracerebral Haemorrhage (10%)
• Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (5%)

Question 27

What is a Haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 27

• caused by rupture of intracerebral artery
• 10-15% all strokes

Question 27

What is a TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)?

Answer 27

• lasts <24 hours
• rapidly developed clinical sign of focal or global disturbance in cerebral function
• is a warning sign to stroke

Question 27

Type of stroke that happens when there in insufficient blood supply to the brain due to: Embolism or a thrombosis

Answer 27

Ischemic Stroke

Question 28

5% of all stroke and its causes are: Ruptured saccular aneurysms (85%), Arterial dissection (<5%), or hypertensive “small complex” vessel disease

Answer 28

Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (SAH)

Question 29

Involves either the MCA or ACA

Answer 29

PACI (Partial anterior circulation infarction)

Question 30

Occurs in the lacunary area

Answer 30

LACI (Lacunar artery circulation infarction)

Question 31

Occurs in the posterior circulation

Answer 31

POCI (Posterior circulation infarction)

Question 32

A patient with PACS (Partial anterior circulation syndrome) has?

Answer 32

• 2/3 components of TACS
• aphasia related to expressive (difficulty speaking) or receptive (difficulty understanding)
• no drowsiness

Question 33

A patient with TACS (Total anterior circulation syndrome) has?

Answer 33

• hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss
• homonymous hemianopia - vision change
• global aphasia or visuo spatial neglect

Question 34

A patient with lacunar syndrome (LACS) has?

Answer 34

Could be
- pure motor stroke
- pure sensory stroke
- sensory motor stroke
- Ataxic hemiparesis - incoordination with hemiparesis
- Dysarthria or clumsy hand syndrome

Question 35

What are the Signs/symptoms a patient with Posterior circulation syndrome (POCI) has?

Answer 35

• ipsilateral cranial nerve palsies with loss of contralateral sensory/motor loss
• vestibular or occular signs
• isolated cerebellar functions
• Isolated homonymous hemianopia