WEEK 1- INTRO CONCEPTS Flashcards
Referred to as “the patient” by the mother of nursing (Florence Nightingale).
Man
nursing theorist who stated that the “man- the body, mind, and soul are interrelated”
Jean Watson
nursing theorist who refers to man as a “unitary human being”
Martha E. Rogers
she refers to man as “total being with universal, developmental needs and capable of continuous self care
Dorothea Orem
What are the primary objectives of the nurse as the caregiver?
- promote health
- prevent illness
- restore health
- facilitate coping with illness, disability, or death
what is “health”?
more than just the absence of illness; it is an active process in which an individual moves toward his or her maximum potential. It also has different definitions for different individuals
- is a philosophy that guides the care that patients’ receive which emerged from the concepts of humanism and holism. It refers to the provision of care to patients that are based on a mutual understanding of their physical, psychological, emotional, and spiritual dimensions.
- to provide support that looks at the whole person, not just their mental health needs. The support should also consider their physical, emotional, social and spiritual wellbeing.
holistic care
what is the traditional definition of health?
absence of disease
in a holistic approach to health, what are the health components to be considered?
psychosocial and spiritual
WHO definition of “health”
health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (1974)
this is the response of the person to a disease; it is an abnormal process in which the person’s level of functioning is changed when compared to a previous level
ILLNESS
what are the two classifications of illness?
acute illness and chronic illness
give five examples each of acute and chronic illnesses
ACUTE: Bronchitis. Sinusitis Burns. The common cold. The flu.
CHRONIC Alzheimer disease and dementia. Arthritis. Asthma. Cancer. Diabetes
- In this model people are viewed as PHYSIOLOGIAL SYSTEMS with related functions and health is identified by absence of signs and symptoms of disease or injury
- state of not being sick
- narrowest interpretation of health
CLINICAL MODEL
- health is defined in terms of the INDIVIDUAL’S ability to fulfill societal roles, that is to perform work
- people who can fulfill their roles are healthy even when they appear clinically ill
- health is a CREATIVE process and DISEASE is failure in adaptation
- aim of the treatment is to restore the ability of a person to adapt or to cope
ROLE PERFORMANCE MODEL
In ROLE PERFORMANCE MODEL, what is HEALTH, AND DISEASE?
Health is a CREATIVE PROCESS, DISEASE is a failure to adaptation
what is the aim of ROLE PERFORMANCE MODEL?
to RESTORE the ability of a person to adapt or cope
In this model health is seen as a condition of actualization or realization of a person’s potential
EUDOMONISTIC
In the EUDOMONISTIC MODEL what is the highest aspiration of people is fulfillment and complete development. what is this called?
ACTUALIZATION
is a condition that prevents self-actualization
ILLLNESS
agent-host-environment model is also called ?
ECOLOGIC MODEL
this is a living organism capable of BEING infected or affected by an agent
HOST
what influences a host?
family history, age, and health habits
this is an environmental factor or stressor that must be present or absent for an illness to occur
AGENT
all the factors EXTERNAL to the host that make illness more or less likely.
ENVIRONMENT
what are some factors in the environment that can influence health
physical, social, biologic and cultural factors
emotional and spiritual well-being and other dimensions of individual to be considered as important aspects of physical wellness
- patients are involved in their healing process
HOLISTIC HEALTH MODEL
give examples of COMPLIMENTARY and ALTERNATIVE interventions
meditation, music therapy, reminisce, relaxation therapy, therapeutic touch, and guided imagery.
what are the two types of variables influencing health and health beliefs and practices?
INTERNAL VARIABLES, AND EXTERNAL VARIABLES
give five of the internal variables influencing health and health beliefs and practices
- developmental stage
- intellectual background
- perception of functioning
- emotional factors
- spiritual factors
give three of the external variables influencing health and health beliefs and practices
- family practices
- psychosocial and socioeconomic factors
- cultural background
what are the levels of preventive care?
- primary prevention
- secondary prevention
- tertiary prevention
in this level health promotion efforts and wellness education activities focus on MAINTAINING and IMPROVING general health of individuals, families, and communities
PRIMARY PREVENTION
give examples of primary prevention
health education programs,
immunizations,
nutritional programs
physical fitness activities
this level focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems/illness and are at a risk for developing complications/worsening situations.
- activities are directed at DIAGNOSIS and prompt interventions, reducing severity and enable patient to return to normal health level
SECONDARY PREVENTION
this level includes screening techniques and treating early stages of disease to limit disability by averting/delaying consequences of advance disease
SECONDARY PREVENTION
give examples of activities involved in secondary prevention
MRI/ CT SCAN
- occurs when defect/disability is permanent and irreversible. Involves minimizing effects of long-term disease/disability by interventions directed at prevention of complications and deterioration.
- activities are directed to rehabilitation rather than diagnosis/treatment
TERTIARY PREVENTION
give an example of tertiary prevention
physical therapy
_____- any situations that increases the vulnerability of an individual/group to an illness/accident
RISK FACTORS
give four examples of risk factors affecting health
- genetic and physiological factors
- age
- environment
- lifestyle
state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
ILLNESS
- usually reversible, has short duration and is often severe.
- symptoms appear abruptly are intense and often subside in any dimension
ACUTE ILLNESS
- persists longer than 6 months, irreversible and affects functioning in one or more systems
CHRONIC ILLNESS
give the impact of illness on the patient and family
- behavioral and emotional changes
- body-image
- self-concept
- family roles
- family dynamics
is an organization of people, institutions, and resources to deliver health care services to meet health needs of a target population
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM (HCDS)
In the Philippine Health Care Delivery System what are the two components?
- PUBLIC SECTOR
2. PRIVATE SECTOR
can be in the city, provinces or municipalities. includes all health centers or barangay health stations
PUBLIC SECTOR
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH is what component and at what degree?
PUBLIC SECTOR and NATIONAL
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT is what sector and to what degree?
PUBLIC SECTOR and LOCAL
What do PRIVATE SECTORS include?
- hospitals
- clinics
- health insurance
- manufacturing of medicine
- vaccines
- medical supplies and equipment
- nutritional products
- research and development
- other or any health related items
