week 1 - HTN + cardiac Flashcards
what is a hypertensive emergency?
-emergent hypertension
-BP is so high that there is evidence of target organ damage
what is hypertensive urgency?
when BP is severely high but there is no evidence of target organ damage
what is isolated systolic hypertension?
when systolic pressure is >140 and diastolic is <80
-most seen in older adults
define masked hypertension.
when a patients BP is measured normal in the clinical setting but hypertensive outside the clinical setting
define primary hypertension?
hypertension with no identifiable cause
define rebound hypertension?
a patient with hypertension that has it pharmacologically controlled, but becomes abnormally high when that medication is stopped
what is resistant hypertension?
hypertension treated with 3+ antihypertensives of 3+ different classes; one must be a diuretic
define secondary hypertension?
high blood pressure as a result of another condition
(an identifiable cause)
what is target organ damage?
organ damage as a result/ consequence of hypertension
what is white coat hypertension?
hypertension in clinical settings, when otherwise the patient has a normal blood pressure outside the clinical setting
what BP reading is considered HTN?
a persistent reading of 140/90 or higher
An elevated bp is considered…….
120-129/ 80 or less
hypertension: stage 1 is considered a BP reading of …..
130-139/80-89
Hypertension stage 2 is considered a BP reading of ……..
140 or higher/ 90 or higher
a hypertensive crisis is a BP of ___/___ or higher.
180/120
Complications of HTN because of decreased perfusion include:
-AKI or CKD
-TIA or CVA
-retinal damage
Even though HTN is referred to as the silent killer because it is often asymptomatic, what are some S+S that would indicate HTN?
-headaches in the morning (occipital)
-flushed face
-edema
-fatigue/ lethargy
-nose bleeds
-dizziness
-vision changes
-nocturia
-palpitations
When assessing a patient for HTN, what are some things you may find that would indicate a HTN diagnoses?
-JVD
-elevated BP
-carotid bruits
-enlarged thyroid
-arrythmias or S3/S4 heart sounds
-inequal bilateral pulses
-S+S of cerebral thrombosis
Foods high in _______ should be avoided after the diagnoses of HTN has been made.
salt/ sodium
what medication will you give to treat Torsade’s De Points?
magnesium sulfate
