med. surge 4 medications Flashcards
Digoxin has a very very ________ therapeutic range, 0.5-2, anything above that is ________.
narrow; toxic
what is the antidote for heparin?
protamine sulfate
what is the antidote for aspirin?
sodium bicarbonate
what is the antidote for warfarin?
vitamin K
what is the antidote for beta blockers?
glucagon
Zantac is given to patients with pancreatitis to help with abdominal pain and discomfort, what is this medication doing to help with that?
suppressing gastric acid
if you have EPI, a condition where the pancreas doesn’t make enough digestive enzymes, or chronic pancreatitis, what medication could you take that will replace these enzymes in your body to help you break down food?
Pancreaze
should pancreaze be taken with or without food?
with food
which medication is given to treat hepatic encephalopathy due to increased ammonia levels in the blood?
lactulose
Why would it be important to take folic acid if you’re in liver failure or have cirrhosis or some other kind of liver disorder/ function issue?
because if you have liver failure or liver disease it can lead to a folic acid deficiency
The primary role of erythropoietin, that’s produced in the kidney’s is making RBCs. If the kidney’s aren’t functioning properly what is an important complication related to the production or lack there of, of RBCs?
Anemia
Why shouldn’t you give thiazide or loop diuretics to patients who have gout?
because these drugs can increase uric acid levels
if give loop diuretics like furosemide, too rapidly or too high of a dose what could happen to your patient?
ototoxicity
Which 2 types of diuretics are potassium wasting? - which means you need to monitor electrolyte levels and may need to switch the patient to potassium sparing diuretics or add a potassium supplement.
thiazide and loop diuretics
Why do you need to monitor diabetic patients more closely or not give them a thiazide diuretic, like chlorothiazide, at all?
because these medications can increase blood sugar
Loop and thiazide diuretics can both cause hypokalemia and hyponatremia, but with loop diuretics which other electrolyte imbalance do we specifically need to watch for?
hypomagnesemia
What are the main 3 illnesses/ issues diuretics are used to treat/ treat their symptoms?
-HTN
-HF
-edema
Beta blockers are the
“-lol” drugs, they block the effects of epinephrine, what is that doing to the body?
decrease HR + BP, and decrease the strain on the heart
What 2 underlying conditions should be known before administering beta blockers?
DM - because it can mask hypoglycemia and these drugs are also not suitable for patients with asthma
Calcium channel blockers, block calcium from entering the cells of the heart + blood vessels, what kind of effect is this going to have on the body?
these drugs will dilate the blood vessels which will lower BP and decrease workload on the heart
What fruit juice will interact with CCBs and increase the levels in the blood?
grapefruit juice
ACE inhibitors are the
“-pril” drugs, they block angiotensin conversion which is a vasoconstrictor. So what will the effect be on the body?
-blood vessels relax
-BP decreases
-reduces the workload of the heart
What drug is a direct acting vasodilator given for angina, severe HTN, hypertensive emergencies + HF?
nitroglycerin
Direct acting vasodilators like nitro or Nipride are going to relax blood vessel walls to dilate them, improve blood flow + lower BP. What 3 things do you want to monitor and assess after administration of this drug?
-BP
-HR
-monitor for fluid retention
Which class of drugs is used to treat high cholesterol and lower risk of heart disease and stroke?
The “-statins”
With “-statin” drugs Rhabdomyolysis is an important adverse effect/ complication, what should we be monitoring as a nurse to watch out for this issue?
muscle enzymes and complaints of muscle aches + pains
