Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MS4 ADRN.210 - rotation 2 > week 1 - cardiac + HTN (1) > Flashcards

week 1 - cardiac + HTN (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Define Acute Coronary Syndrome.

A

signs + symptoms due to a diseased coronary artery that has ruptured because of atherosclerotic plaque that resulted in a partial or complete thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define afterload.

A

the amount of resistance to eject blood from the ventricle (the amount of pressure the heart needs to exert to pump blood out of the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Apical Impulse/ PMI

A

this is caused by the contraction of the ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do you palpate the apical impulse/ PMI?

A

at the 5th intercostal space, on the left midclavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which node is the secondary pacemaker of the heart?

A

The AV node. Atrioventricular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Baroreceptors?

A

nerve fibers located in the aortic arch + carotid arteries - they control blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe cardiac catheterization.

A

-invasive procedure
-Measures cardiac chamber pressure
-assesses patency of coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the cardiac conduction system?

A

specialized cardiac cells responsible for generating + coordinating the transmission of electrical impulses to myocardial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define cardiac output.

A

the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle.
-measured in LPM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a cardiac stress test?

A

this evaluates the heart function at a time for increased oxygen demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is used to initiate a cardiac stress test.

A

-exercise
-medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does contractility mean?

A

the ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten in response to am electrical impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define depolarization.

A

electrical activation of a cell caused by sodium entering the cell + potassium leaving the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define diastole.

A

a period of ventricular relaxation so they can refill with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the ejection fraction?

A

the percentage of blood ejected from the ventricle with each heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is hemodynamic monitoring?

A

directly measuring cardiovascular function with pressure monitoring devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is considered Hypertension?

A

a BP consistently over 130/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is considered hypotension?

A

a BP less than 90/60 that is compromising systemic perfusion

19
Q

What is a heart murmur?

A

sounds created from abnormal, turbulent blood flow in the heart

20
Q

define myocardial ISCHEMIA.

A

heart muscle cells aren’t receiving enough oxygen

21
Q

What is the muscle layer of the heart responsible for the pumping action of the heart?

A

Myocardium.

22
Q

Normal heart sounds are produced when the valves close? What are those normal sounds?

A

S1 - atrioventricular valves
S2 - semilunar valves

23
Q

What are opening snaps?

A

abnormal diastolic sounds from the opening of rigid atrioventricular valve leaflets

24
Q

what is orthostatic blood pressure?

A

this is a significant drop in blood pressure after standing upright

25
Q

define preload.

A

the degree of stretch in the cardiac muscle nerve fibers at the end of diastole

26
Q

What is pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)?

A

the resistance of blood flow out of the right ventricle created by the pulmonary circulatory system

27
Q

What is a pulse deficit?

A

the difference between apical pulse and radial pulse rates

28
Q

what are radioisotopes?

A

unstable atoms giving off small amounts of energy via gamma rays as they decay
-used in cardiac nuclear medicine studies

29
Q

what is repolarization?

A

when the cell returns to a resting state;
potassium is reentering the cell and sodium is exiting

30
Q

describe the S1 heart sound.

A

the “lub” produced by the AV valves closing

31
Q

what are the 2 AV valves?

A

mitral
tricuspid

32
Q

describe the S2 heart sound.

A

the “dub” produced by the semilunar valves closing

33
Q

what are the 2 semilunar valves?

A

aortic
pulmonic

34
Q

what is an S3 heart sound?

A

-abnormal
-occurs early in diastole
-resistance is met with blood entering either ventricle

35
Q

what most commonly causes an S3 heart sound?

A

volume overload associated with heart failure

36
Q

what is an S4 heart sound?

A

-abnormal
- occurs late in diastole
-resistance is met with blood entering either ventricle during atrial contraction

37
Q

what is the most common cause of an S4 heart sound?

A

hypertrophy of the ventricle

38
Q

what is the primary pacemaker of the heart?

A

the SA node (sinoatrial)

39
Q

what is stroke volume?

A

the amount of blood ejected from one of the ventricles per heartbeat

40
Q

what is a summation gallop?

A

-abnormal heart sound
-created when S3 +S4 are present during tachycardia

41
Q

define systemic vascular resistance.

A

the resistance of blood flow out of the left ventricle created from the systemic circulatory system

42
Q

what is SYSTOLE?

A

period of ventricular contraction resulting in ejection of blood from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery or aorta

43
Q

what is a systolic click?

A

-an abnormal systolic sound
-when a calcified aortic or pulmonic valve open during ventricular contraction

44
Q

what is telemetry?

A

continuous ECG monitoring

MS4 ADRN.210 - rotation 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions