week 1: bovine respiratory Flashcards
Which pathologic lung pattern is associated with infectious pathogens typically?
cranial ventral
Which of the following statements is true about Veterinary Feed Directives (VFD)?
a. Extra Label Drug Use is legal with a VFD in some species
b. VFD are needed for non-medically important drugs
c. Two VFD are needed when a medicated feed is fed to the same age group at two different sites managed and fed by the same feed mill.
d. VFD are required for medicated milk replacers
d. VFD are required for medicated milk replacers
You are asked by your client to put into the respiratory treatment protocol the correct dose of flunixin but to administer intramuscular instead of intravenous as the label prescribes. “It’s just easier that way, Doc.” Are you allowed to prescribe flunixin in this ELDU?
a. No, you cannot prescribe a ELDU based on convenience of administration.
b. No, flunixin is a prohibited drug in all food animals.
c. Yes, however you must determine the new beef withdrawal time
a. No, you cannot prescribe a ELDU based on convenience of administration.
Which of the following is an acceptable ELDU treatment of a cephalosporin in major species of food animals?
a. altering the route
b. altering the frequency
c. altering the indication
d. altering the duration
c. altering the indication
You leave your food animal only veterinary clinic in South Dakota to visit a classmate who owns a food animal only veterinary clinic in France. Since it is illegal to use in food animal medicine in the USA, you are surprised to see which drug in her pharmacy?
a. Tetracycline
b. Fluroquinolone
c. Metronidazole
d. Cephapirin
c. Metronidazole
One of your clients just called about purchasing 40 healthy, unvaccinated heifers in the adjacent state. The client asks if there is “something you can do for them?” You verify with your records that the client purchased from the same location for last two year. You also verify a high incident of pneumonia from shipping fever occurring each time the animals arrive. You decide to treat with an antibiotic when the cattle arrive. Which type of treatment would this be?
a. Metaphylaxis treatment
b. Prophylaxis treatment
c. Infirm treatment
b. Prophylaxis treatment
Which of the following species is considered a major food animal species by FDA?
a. Honeybees
b. Ducks
c. Turkeys
d. Farmed raised aquatics
c. Turkeys
Who develops/determines tolerance levels of antimicrobials in edible tissues in the United States?
a. EPA- Environmental Protection Agency
b. FDA- Food and Drug Administration
c. FARAD- Food Animal Residue and Avoidance Database
b. FDA- Food and Drug Administration
You give a 400lb red angus steer a label dose of Tulathromycin. The withdrawal period for Tulathromycin is 18 days. The client asks you why the withdrawal is so long. Which of the following would be a correct answer?
a. “You are right. Don’t worry about it. They probably won’t check for residues.”
b. “The withdrawal time is the amount of time necessary for any tissue reaction from the drug to resolve at the injection site.”
c. “The withdrawal time is the amount of time necessary for evaluation of clinical efficacy of the drug.”
d. “The withdrawal time is the amount of time necessary for the drug concentration to fall below the tolerance level in all edible tissues.”
d. “The withdrawal time is the amount of time necessary for the drug concentration to fall below the tolerance level in all edible tissues.”
Your daughter’s Maricopa County Fair champion milking shorthorn, “Phalen,” has developed pneumonia. Phalen weighs 800lbs and is 5 years old. Which of the following treatment would be illegal?
a. A correct route of administration, dose, frequency, and duration of tetracycline for treatment of pneumonia.
b. Fluoroquinolone because it’s a pet and will not enter the food chain.
c. A label dose of flunixin
b. Fluoroquinolone because it’s a pet and will not enter the food chain.
Footrot in cattle describes a contagious infective disease in which the interdigital soft tissue that has been physically damaged (e.g. stepping on a frozen manure chunk), is subsequently infected by anaerobic microorganisms that include Fusobacterium necrophorum (G- anaerobe) and Prevotella melaninogenica (G- anaerobe). Without considering FDA labeling and purely from an antibiotic pharmacology perspective, which antibiotic/route would have the LEAST likelihood of being effective in treating footrot in cattle?
a. penicillin G, IM
b. oxytetracycline,IV
c. gentamicin, IM
d. lincomycin, IM
c. gentamicin, IM (aminoglycoside- cannot treat anerobes
Rapid IV injection of which of the following drugs has been documented to cause collapse in cattle?
a. penicillin G
b. gentamicin
c. sulfadimethoxime
d. oxytetracycline
d. oxytetracycline
A two-phase plasma concentration Vs. time curve (focusing on post-Cmax portion of the curve), with an initial rapid decline in the first phase, and a much slower decline in the second phase (also called the terminal phase) is a major factor in recommendations against using systemic doses of this category of antibacterial drugs in food animals. Which drug class are we referring to?
a. aminoglycosides
b. cephalosporins
c. fluoroquinolones
d. thiamphenicols
a. aminoglycosides
Danofloxacin has a spectrum of activity that includes 4 common causative agents, Pasturella. multocida, Mannheimia. haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis) in Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRD)
a. True
b. False
a. True
Oral administration of which of the following drugs to a 2-year-old cow would be medically contraindicated (for this question just focusing on the pharmacology/adverse effects, not regulatory requirements)?
a. sulfadimethoxime
b. oxytetracyclilne
c. florfenicol
d. lincomycin
d. lincomycin
Aminoglycosides do not work on what?
anerobes
oral bioavailability of aminoglycosides?
poor oral bioavailability
What drugs cannot be used in dairy cows/heifers over 20 months of age
fluoroquinolones cannot be used in dairy cows/heifers over 20 months of age
lincomycin adverse effects
oral administration to gut fermenters =rumen dysbiosis
Which of the following organisms requires previous damage of the upper respiratory tract mucosa (mechanical lesion or previous infection), to allow penetration and colonization?
a. Fungal spores
b. Fusobacterium necrophorum
c. Histophilus somni
d. Mycobacterium bovis
b. Fusobacterium necrophorum
Which of the following is correct regarding Moldy Sweet Potato toxicity?
a. Calves nursing cows with the disease are NOT affected.
b. Treatment includes administration of long-term antibiotics (such as tulathromycin or enrofloxacin).
c. The main clinical signs are fever and mucopurulent nasal discharge.
d. When moldy sweet potato is fed or accidentally ingested by cows, the number of affected animals in a herd is low, the clinical signs are temporary, and there is a very low fatality rate.
a. Calves nursing cows with the disease are NOT affected.
Which of the following is correct regarding Caudal Vena Cava Thrombosis (CVCT)?
a. The condition is presented in dairy cattle only, specifically Holstein cattle and those older than 5 years old.
b. In general, affected animals showed mild rhinorrhea for 2-to 3-days, and then recovered between a period of 7-to 10-days without treatment.
c. In ruminants, CVCT is commonly a sequela of liver abscesses secondary to rumenitis, although other infectious disorders can trigger this condition (like jugular phlebitis, mastitis, metritis, and foot rot).
d. The bacteria responsible for the development of this disorder is Salmonella dublin.
c. In ruminants, CVCT is commonly a sequela of liver abscesses secondary to rumenitis, although other infectious disorders can trigger this condition (like jugular phlebitis, mastitis, metritis, and foot rot).
diseases that form clots will cause