Session 2 &3: Lower Respiratory Disease

Question 1

What causes Allergic Rhinitis in cattle?

Answer 1

plant pollen or fungal spores which causes a localized ongoing immediate tyoe 1 hypersensitivity reaction

**mostly 6mo-2yrs

Question 2

What season is Allergic Rhinitis most likely to occur?

Answer 2

Spring, summer or fall in cattle on pasture

Question 3

What are the clinical signs of Allergic Rhinitis?

Answer 3

**Rhinorrhea (clear nasal d/c)
**intense nasal pruritis
-sneezing
dyspnea
Sertorous inspiration
can cause facial swelling, tachypnea and alteration of nasal mucosa
Chronic= gramuloma formation–>multiple firm white raised 1-2mm

Question 4

How do you diagnose Allergic Rhinitis?

Answer 4

• Biopsy- chronic proliferative eosinophilic rhinitis
• endoscopy to visualize granulomas in nasal passages
• cytology, culture antigen testing

Question 5

How do you treat Allergic Rhinitis?

Answer 5

• remove allergen
• block hypersensitivity reaction
• corticosteroids

Question 6

What causes Necrotic Laryngitis?

Answer 6

infection of laryngeal mucosa and cartilage of young cattle
-typically Fusobacterium necrophorum but this will not penetrate intact mucosa–>needs previous infection or mechanical lesion

Question 7

When do you typically see Necrotic Laryngitis?

Answer 7

fall and winter

Question 8

What are the clinical signs that you seen for Necrotic Laryngitis?

Answer 8

loud moist/painful cough
head/neck extended
severe inspiratory dyspnea/guttural stertor
open mouth breathing
T=102-106
ptyalism
breath smells bad
stand by water and sip frequently

Question 9

What happens in cases of calf diphtheria (necrotic laryngitis) if it goes untreated?

Answer 9

animal will die 2-7 days from systemic effects of bacterial toxins and UAO (upper airway obstruction)

Question 10

How do you diagnose Necrotic Laryngitis?

Answer 10

• *laryngioscopic or endoscopic exam to confirm
• acute bloodwork- luekopenia caused by neutropenia / left shift
• chronic blood work- leukocytosis w/ neutrophillia, monocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia

Question 11

How do you treat Necrotic Laryngitis?

Answer 11

Antibiotics
-oxytetracycline
-procain peniciillin
NSAID (flunixin) to reduce swelling/inflamm and fever
Steroids-repeated dose NOT recc.
Tracheostomy

Question 12

What is the prognosis of Necrotic Laryngitis?

Answer 12

guarded, the** younger the animal the worse the prognosis**

Question 13

What are some things that can traumatize the larynx?

Answer 13

Inappropriate roping or injury with restraint devices
Inappropriate placement of an endotracheal tube
Inappropriate use of the balling gun (bolus applicator)