Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 372 > Week 1: Antenatal Assessment and Care > Flashcards

Week 1: Antenatal Assessment and Care Flashcards

1
Q

What are some health promotions for preconception care

A
  • nutrition and healthy diet (folic acid intake)
  • optimum wt
  • exercise
  • avoidance of tobacco, alc, recreational drugs
  • risk-reducing sexual practices
  • infertility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What to ask about med history for preconception care

A

immune status
family history
illness
use of meds: use micromedex and look in the preg/lactation area

reproductive history:
contraceptive
obstetrical

Strong family history of a genetic history - discuss consult to a genetic tester

Discuss previous pregnancies, therapeutic abortions, time in between pregnancies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when does folic acid need to be taken and why

A

taken 3 months prior to conception to support pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when can you get a infertility consult
1) within 6 months
2) within a year

A

1) age 32+
2) younger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is RNAO

A

Screening for abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is vasovagal

A

blood pooling (can happen when a pregnant person stands for long hours, for ex at work)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1) why is folic acid so important for pregnancy
2) what is the dose for low risk
3) what is it for higher risk

A

1)
Folic acid supplementation during preconception and pregnancy helps prevent neural tube defects
Decreases incidence of facial cleft palate, neural tube defects, congenital heart diseases, and limb differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe conception as well as the 3 steps

A
  • union of single egg and sperm
  • process including gamete formation, ovulation, result of an embryo, and implantation

1) fertilization occurs in uterine tube within 24 hrs of ovulation
2) transport the early embryo down uterine tube into uterus
3) implantation when blastocyst embed into endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does a zygote contain?

A

46 chromosomes; 23 from the mature ovum and 23 from sperm

(22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes from ovum and sperm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do chorionic villi do

A

obtain o2 and nutrients from maternal bloodstream and dispose of carbon dioxide in maternal blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Look @ lecture 1 diagram i dont have the time for this shit

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the earliest biochemical marker of pregnancy?

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is hCG

A
  • hormone produced by cells in the placenta during pregnancy
  • supports maintenance of corpus luteum in ovary, producing progesterone during early stages of preg
  • essential for maintaining uterine lining + early development of embryo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the most popular test for pregnancy

A

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

(basis for most over-the-counter preg tests)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how far along are most clients when they find out they r pregnant

A

4-7 weeks (1-2 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how accurate are OTC preg test

A

90%

if too early it may not pick up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how long is pregnancy

A

9 months
40 weeks
280 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is length of preg calculated

A

from the 1st day of the last menstrual period (LMP), conception occurs approximately 2 weeks after 1st day of LPM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most clients give birth within how many days of their due date?

A

14 days before to 14 days after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is Nagele’s rule

A

(assumes 28 day cycle and pregnancy occurred on day 14)

  • first day of last menstrual period (LMP), minus 3 months, add 7 days, plus 1 yr
    OR
  • add 7 days to LMP and count forward 9 months

most clients give birth 7 days before or after EDB

inconsistent cycle can affect this calculation, and as fetus grows there is more variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how accurate are ultrasounds at dating early preg

A

it is accurate dating the gestational age during early preg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is classified as the 1st trimester

A

weeks 1-13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

whats classified as the 2nd trimester

A

weeks 14-26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

whats classified as the 3rd trimester

A

weeks 27 through term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are some presumptive signs of preg

A

subjective felt by client

breast changes (3-4 wk)
amenorrhea (4 wk)
nausea/vomiting (4-14 wk)
urinary frequency (6-12 wk)
fatigue 12 wk
quickening (fluttering related to fetal movement) 16-20 wk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

probable signs of preg

A

objective by examiner

+‘ve preg test
goodell sign 5-6wk
chadwick sign 6-8wk
hegar sign
ballottement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is goodell sign

A

softening of cervical tip due to increased vascularity, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is chadwick sign

A

violet bluish colour of the vaginal mucosa and cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

hegar sign

A

softening and compressibility of lower uterine segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ballottement

A

technique of palpitating a floating structure by bouncing it gently and feeling it rebound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

positive signs of preg

A

shows presence of fetus

visualization of fetus
fetal heart tones by stethoscope, doppler, ultrasound
fetal movements at 19-22wks
fetal movements visible during late stages of preg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are therapeutic abortions and when do they occur

A

intentional interruption of preg b4 20 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

describe first trimester abortions

A
  • surgical (aspiration) abortion
  • methotrexate and misoprostol
  • mifepristone and misoprostol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

describe 2nd trimester abortions

A
  • dilation and evacuation (D+E)
  • medical induction (prostaglandins, hypertonic and uterotonic agents)
  • emotional considerations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is gravidity

A

pregnancy

34
Q

what is gravida

A

client who is pregnant

35
Q

what is primigravida

A

pregnant for the 1st time

36
Q

what is multigravida

A

client who has had 2 or more pregnancies

37
Q

what is nulligravida

A

client who has never been pregnant

38
Q

what is parity

A

of pregnancies which the fetus or fetuses have reached 20 weeks gestation
- whether fetus is born alive or is stillborn after viability is reached does not affect parity

39
Q

what is primipara

A

completed 1 pregnancy to 20 weeks or more

40
Q

what is multipara

A

clients who has completed 2 or more pregnancies to 20 weeks or more

41
Q

what is nullipara

A

clients who has not completed a pregnancy with fetus/fetuses to 20 weeks or more

42
Q

what is preterm

A

pregnancy beyond 20 weeks gestation but delivered prior to completion of 36 weeks

43
Q

what is term

A

pregnancy from the beginning of week 37- end of 40

44
Q

what is early term

A

pregnancy between 37-38 weeks

45
Q

what is full term

A

pregnancy 39-40 weeks

46
Q

what is late term

A

pregnancy in the 41 week

47
Q

what is post term

A

pregnancy after 42 weeks

48
Q

what is viability

A

capacity to live outside of the uterus 22-25 weeks

49
Q

what is abortus

A

total # of spontaneous or therapeutic abortions occurring prior to 20+0 weeks
spontaneous

50
Q

simon is preg for the 3rd time. 1st preg resulted in a spontaneous abortin @ 9 weeks. they delivered their second preg at 39 weeks. what is their GTPAL 5 number.

A

G3T1P0A1L1

51
Q

what is the GP 2 Digit System

A

only uses
G (gravidity): total # of pregnancies
P (para): indicates # of pregnancies that have completed 20 weeks gestation and beyond regardless of outcome

52
Q

where is the placenta supposed to embed, and what would be considered abnormal

A

Placenta embeds in top back part of uterus (abnormal is at the bottom)

53
Q

what is the abdominal cavity filled with in preg

A

amniotic fluid

54
Q

what does the amnion layer blend with

A

the umbilical cord

55
Q

what does the chorion layer blend with

A

with the placenta

56
Q

during implantation how many fetal membranes surrounding the embryo begin to form

A

2

57
Q

what is the chorion

A
  • it is the membrane covering the fetal size of the placenta
  • contains major umbilical blood vessels branching out over the surface of the placenta
58
Q

how does the chorion develop

A

from the trophoblast and contains the chorionic villi on the surface

59
Q

what is the amnion

A
  • inner cell membrane
  • developing embryo draws amnion around itself to form a fluid-filled sac
  • becomes the covering of the umbilical cord and covers the chorion on the fetal surface of the placenta
60
Q

what does the amnion develop from

A

blastocyst

61
Q

what is the amniotic cavity first filled with

A

fluid derived by maternal blood by diffusion

62
Q

what is amniotic fluid

A

fluid secreted by the respiratory and GI tract of the fetus that then enters the amniotic cavity

63
Q

how much amniotic fluid is regular by term, does it increase or decrease throughout pregnancy

A

amount increases throughout pregnancy, 700-1000 mL by term

64
Q

what is oligohydramnios and what is this associated with

A

means having less than 300 mL and is associated with fetal renal abnormalities

65
Q

what is polyhydramnios and what is this associated with

A

having more than 2000 mL and is associated with GI and other malformations

66
Q

what are the 6 functions of amniotic fluid

A
  • constant body temp
  • source of oral fluid and reposition for waste
  • cushions the fetus from trauma
  • allows freedom of movement for MSK development
  • barrier to infection
  • allows lung development
67
Q

what does amniotic fluid contain

A

albumin, urea, uric acid, creatinine, lecithin, sphingomyelin, bilirubin, fructose, fat, leukocytes, protein, epithelial cells, enzymes, and lanugo hair

68
Q

how many arteries/veins for the umbilical cord and what are each of their purposes

A
  • 2 arteries carry blood from the embryo/fetus to chorionic villi
  • 1 vein returns blood to the embryo/fetus
69
Q

what percent of umbilical cords contain only 2 vessels, what can this impact

A

around 1% and may be associated w congenital malformation

70
Q

what is wharton’s jelly

A

a connective tissue that prevents compression of the blood vessels to ensure nourishment to the embryo/fetus

70
Q

at term how long is the umbilical cord

A

cord is 2 cm thick, 30-90 cm in length

71
Q

where is the umbilical cord normally attached

A

centrally to the placenta

72
Q

when is maternal-placental-embryonic circulation established

A

by day 17 when the embryo’s heart begins beating

73
Q

when is the structure of the placenta complete

A

complete by week 12, grows wider until week 20 then continues to get thicker

74
Q

what is the placenta

A

is an endocrine gland that produces four hormones to maintain the pregnancy and support the embryo/fetus

75
Q

what 4 hormones does the placenta produce

A
  1. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
  2. Human chorionic somatomammotropin or human placental lactogen (hPL)
  3. Progesterone
  4. Estrogen
76
Q

what is usually the traditional prenatal care frequency

A
  • initial visit usually in the 1st trimester
  • monthly visits until 28 weeks
  • visits every 2 weeks until 36 weeks
  • weekly visits until birth
77
Q

what are some factors that may prevent clients in poverty to care

A
  • may not have access
  • lack of culturally sensitive care
  • communication interferes w care
  • birth outcomes less positive, higher rates complications
78
Q

what is the purpose of prenatal care

A
  • to identify existing risk factors - health promotion

emphasis on preventive care/self care

79
Q

what does an initial pregnancy visit include (6-8 weeks)

A
  • reason for seeking care
  • current preg
  • obstetric and gynecologic history
  • medical history
  • nutrition history
  • history of drug use and herbal preparations
80
Q

what is true about perinatal nurses?
a) provide care for only high risk mothers and infants
b) work with families from preconception throughout childbearing yrs
c) provide care for families w children up to 18 yrs
d) provide care for only low risk families from conception to birth

A

a

81
Q

true/false
clients at low risk should take 0.4 mg of folic acid while pregnant

A

true

82
Q

B-hCG begins are early as day of implantation and can be detected as early as _____ days after conception

A

7-10

NURS 372 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions