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LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCH > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is lifespan developmental psychology

A

Field of study that identifies and explains:
Stability
Continuity
Change and
Growth in an individual from conception to death

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2
Q

What was developmental psychology traditionally focussed on?

A

Traditionally focused on childhood period but as research expands, it involves changes throughout adult hood as well right up until old-age and death

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3
Q

What is the three different domains of development

A

Physical cognitive and social-emotional

These all interact.

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4
Q

What is physical development?

A

Changes that occur in the body and it’s systems over time

Eg. Hormonal changes during puberty

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5
Q

What is cognitive development?

A

Changes that occur in aspects like intelligence, problem solving, memory and learning

Eg. A gauge development in infancy

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6
Q

What is social-emotional development?

A

Changes that occur in personal characteristics and social interactions

Eg. Having different ways of interacting

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7
Q

When is a child considered an infant?

A

0-2 years of age

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8
Q

When is a child considered a toddler?

A

2-3 years

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9
Q

What is considered adolescence?

A

12-20 years

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10
Q

What is young adulthood?

A

20-40 years

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11
Q

Middle adulthood?

A

40-65 years

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12
Q

Individuals may mature at different rates but what do significant deviations mean?

A

Means evaluation is needed by specialists. May need help and early intervention is best

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13
Q

What methods are used to collect data in developmental psychology?

A

Observations (important in young children)
Interviews (moral development, not actual behaviour)
Standardised tests
Surveys
Single case studies
Data mining (data sets are already collected, may want to look for something in particular)

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14
Q

What research designs are used in developmental psychology?

A

Cross sectional: one time, different ages
Longitudinal: follow same people
Sequential/cross-lagged: follow some people from one year to the next
Micro genetic: pick something very detailed and study in depth as it’s occurring

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15
Q

Consent with children?

A

You can ask for verbal consent rather than written consent.

Even if the parents say yes and then the child says no, you have to respect it

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16
Q

Why is lifespan developmental psychology important?

A

Gives us realistic expectations for children and adolescents

Helps to advocate for those that may need more help as it allows us to recognise the wide range of normal behaviours and significant departures from these

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17
Q

What is nature?

A

Inherited characteristics and unfolding of genetic information through maturation brings about change

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18
Q

What is nurture?

A

Environmental influences affecting behaviour relating to the physical and social environments

19
Q

What is the interactionist view of nature v. nurture?

A

Behaviour and development are shaped by both genetic and environmental influences along a continuum

20
Q

What is the issue with seeing development as purely genetic?

A

It reduces the perceived importance of any intervention which is wrong.

Decreases helping point of view

21
Q

Issues with the nature view?

A

Reading is 80% inherited

‘You’re either going to be good or bad, what’s the point’

Gives a fatalistic point of view

22
Q

What cultural factors influence development?

A

Race (physical characteristics - young AA go through puberty earlier)
Ethnicity
Culture (living in individualistic vs. collectivist cultures)
SES (opportunity)
Gender (stereotyping)

23
Q

Explain the pen selection study with collectivist vs. individualistic cultures

A

Array of pens, one different in colour to the rest. This pen was chosen by 77% of American children (individualistic) but only 31% of Asian students (collectivist)

24
Q

What is the normative-descriptive approach to lifespan development?

A

Describes normal behaviour/ability/characteristics at different ages

Used less now but provided valuable information - sees development as predetermined by genetic endowment
Environment was seen to support maturation but not have a strong influence

25
Q

What did the normative-descriptive approach provide?

A

Provided a baseline so you know when someone may need help

26
Q

What are the cognitive developmental theories of lifespan developmental?

A

Piagets cognitive theory: stage theory, child as an active learner, across all domains of learning

Neo-piagetian approaches - newer but based on above

Information-processing theory: learning, memory etc as different modules and what child is doing within these, doesn’t influence other abilities

27
Q

What is the Freudian psychoanalytic theory?

A

Personality is determined by 3 parts: the id, ego and superego

Critically shaped through a series of 5 psychosexual developmental

28
Q

What is the id? (Freudian psychoanalytic)

A

Present at birth, unconscious, impulsivity, tried to satisfy biological needs

29
Q

What is the ego? (Freudian psychoanalytic)

A

Rational, conscious, problem solving

There when you start to go beyond satisfying what you need biologically

30
Q

What is the super ego? (Freudian psychoanalytic)

A

Moral and ethical component

Controls the ego and id

31
Q

Explain defence mechanisms (Freudian psychoanalytic)

A

Unconscious distortions of reality that keep conflicts from the egos conscious awareness

Repressing things that you are ashamed of
Can fail to remember things if they are too distressing

32
Q

What are the 5 psychosexual Freudian stages?

A 
Oral (B-1)
Anal (1-3) 
Phallic (3-6)
Latency (6-12)
Genital (12-A)
33
Q

What is the oral stage? (Freudian)

A

Feeding and weaning are central

If you wean too quickly, you can end up with problems that involve the mouth such as overeating

34
Q

What is the anal stage (Freudian)

A

Elimination and toilet training is central

Learning to be in control of own toileting, if there is problems they become controlling and anal

35
Q

What is the phallic stage (Freudian)

A

Gender role and moral development is central

Desire opposite sex parent so become more like same sex parent to become more desirable- how you get your gender roles

36
Q

What is the latency stage? (Freudian)

A

Physical and intellectual activities are the focus

37
Q

What is the genital stage (Freudian)

A

Onset of puberty, mature sexual relationships develop

38
Q

What is Eriksons psychosocial theory?

A

Neofreudian stage theory

Development occurs throughout successful solution of a series of crises leading to a healthy personality

39
Q

What are the behavioural learning theories of lifespan development?

A

Classical conditioning (early reflexes and responses help infant to interact with the world)

Learning theory (behaviours and emotions can be conditioned)

Operant conditioning (reward and punishment)

40
Q

What is ethological theory?

A

Began in zoology
To see how response patterns in childhood lead to particular response patterns in adulthood

  • emphasis on evolutionary signify or survival function of early responses
41
Q

Explain bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory

A

The child develops with a complex system interrelated contexts

Interactive, overlapping, contextual levels that simultaneously influence development

We need to think about more than just a child’s immediate context and how their developmental is influenced by the outside world

42
Q

What are the levels in Bronfenbrenners model?

A

Microsystems: person has face to face contact with influential others

Mesosystems: relationships between Microsystems eg. Home and school

Exosystem: settings where don’t participate but significant decisions are made affecting those who interact directly with the parent eg. Place of employment

Macro system: blueprints for defining and organising institutional life of society eg. Politics

Chronosystem: changes in a persons setting overtime

43
Q

What is Vygotskys sociocultural theory?

A

Cognitive development is the result of social interactions: children learn and solve problems through guided participation with others

Zone of proximal development: when you’re irk with someone more advanced, you get better

Scaffolding: assistance offered by others to help the child access abilities to move up to the next level of knowledge

Does not deny the role of biology but focused on culture

44
Q

What is dynamic systems theory of development?

A

Child is a part of a dynamic and integrated system; mind, body, physical and social environment

Changes in one part of this system leads to a disruption. This promotes the need for more complex behaviours

LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCH (12 decks)

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