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Principles Of Pharmacology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define pharmacology

A

A research discipline that focuses on defining the mechanisms of action of drugs and the biological systems they act upon.

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2
Q

Define pharmacy.

A

Profession responsible for preparation, dispensing and appropriate use of medicines.

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3
Q

Define Pharmacognosy.

A

Knowledge of medicines that derive from plants and other natural sources.

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4
Q

Define Pharmaceutics.

A

Turning a new chemical or old drugs into new drugs that can be used safely by patients.

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5
Q

Define Toxicology.

A

Field of science that assesses the toxic effects of drugs on the organism in questions.

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6
Q

What types of drugs must be toxicologically tested.

A

All drugs

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7
Q

Define Pharmacotherapeutics

A

The study of therapeutics effects and uses of drugs.

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8
Q

Define pharmacokinetics.

A

How the body processes drugs.

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9
Q

What are the steps of pharmokinetics?

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion.

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10
Q

What are the ADME properties of drugs?

A

Their pharmacokinetics - absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.

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11
Q

Define Pharmacodynamic.

A

Dealing with what drugs do to the body.

Drug effects and how they result from interaction of the drug with its receptor and other target molecules.

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12
Q

Why is clinical outcome often difficult to determine?

A

Clinical outcomes are often non-quantitative for example pain may be different for each individual.

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13
Q

What do all medicines contain?

A

The drug

Excipients

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14
Q

What is the API of a drug?

A

The active pharmaceutical ingredient.

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15
Q

What are excipients in a medication?

A

Everything excluding the API in a medicine but they enhance the product performance by altering the ADME properties.

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16
Q

What effects do excipients have on medicines?

A

Enhance product performance by altering the ADME properties.

17
Q

What can be the possible effects if excipients in medicines deteriorate ?

A

Pharmokinetic changes

18
Q

What features must excipients have to be used in medicine?

A

They must be inert and non-toxic.

19
Q

Name the different types of excipients.

A 
Diluents
Disintegrants
Granulants
Lubricants
Coatings
Colourings
Flavourings
20
Q

What are diluent excipients in medicines?

A

A substance with no pharmacological properties that is used to dilute or bulk up a tablet.

21
Q

What are ‘disintegrates’ excipients in medicines?

A

Used to dissolve the drug when wet so that it is able to be efficiently absorbed.

22
Q

What are ‘granulant’ excipients in medicines?

A

Helps bind tablet together.

23
Q

What are ‘lubricant’ excipients in medicine?

A

Stop tablets sticking together and to machinery during manufacture.

24
Q

What are coating excipients used for in medicine?

A

Delays the release of drugs if necessary - delayed onset.

Prevents atompsheric disintegration of the drug by oxygen.

25
Q

What are colouring excipients used for in medicine?

A

Improve the appearance of the drug and aid drug identification.

26
Q

What is the purpose of flavouring excipients in medicine?

A

Improve taste

27
Q

What Microcompartment capsules?

A

Individual compounds which are combined into one single dosage form.

28
Q

What are the different ways in which drugs are named?

A

Chemical name
Code / number
Generic name
Trade name

29
Q

What is propranolol used to treat?

A

Hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina.

30
Q

What is an innovator drug?

A

The first drug created

31
Q

What are generic drugs?

A

Copies of brand named drugs.

32
Q

What features do generic and innovator drugs have in common?

A 
Same:
API
Route of administration
Dosage form
Conditions of use
Inactive ingredients approved
Drug profile
33
Q

What are the uses of drugs with names ending in …caine?

A

Local anaesthetics.

34
Q

What are the uses of drugs with names ending in …olol?

A

Beta blockers

35
Q

What are the uses of drugs with names ending in …statin?

A

Lipid lowering drugs used to treat cholesterol.

36
Q

What are the uses of drugs with names ending in …pril?

A

ACE inhibitors.

Used to treat hypertension.

37
Q

What are the uses of drugs with names ending in …artan??

A

Angiontensin II antagonists

38
Q

What are the uses of drugs with names ending in …azole?

A

Proton pump inhibitors used to reduce stomach acid.

Principles Of Pharmacology (11 decks)

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