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2018 summer Understanding Human Disease > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

Define key terms

1
Q

Etiology

A

The cause of disease. Idiopathic means we don’t know.

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2
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Path= pathology genesis= beginning How does the disease start? Develop?

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3
Q

Prognosis

A

Chances for complete recovery. Predict permanent loss of function. Probability of survival.

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4
Q

Palliative

A

Treatments designed to relieve and manage symptoms. Often used for terminal illnesses.

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5
Q

Incidence

A

Number of new cases at a given time

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6
Q

Endoscopy

A

Non surgical: Technique of examining interior of body with flexible tube with a light

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7
Q

Laparascopy

A

Surgical: technique to examine structures within peritoneal cavity. (Small incision made in abdominal wall, often naval)

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8
Q

Functional disease

A

No morphological abnormalities yet body functions are disturbed

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9
Q

Structural changes can cause functional changes.

A

Easier to find structural disease that lead to functional changes: Cancer, arthritis. Sometimes disease doesn’t fit into one of the other (Depression). Hard to tell what causes it.

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10
Q

Health is a _____

A

continuum. Good healthSerious illness

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11
Q

Terminal meaning

A

Disease will end with death

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12
Q

Difference between prevalence and incidence

A

Incidence is the number of new cases, which is small than the prevalence which includes existing cases.

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13
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of the occurrence, transmission, distribution, and control of disease.

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14
Q

Accuracy of a diagnostic test

A

Are the results of the tests an indication for what’s being measured

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15
Q

Precision of a diagnostic test

A

Ability of a test to provide the same result every time it’s used

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16
Q

Sensitivity of a diagnostic test

A

Ability of a test to be positive in the presence of disease

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17
Q

Specificity of a diagnostic test

A

Ability of a test ti be negative in the absence of disease

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18
Q

Why do they take BP a lot?

A

screening for early signs of disease. PAP screens for cervical cancer. Mammogram, colonoscopy, etc.

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19
Q

Sometimes we screen for ____ diseases because parents are carriers

A

genetic

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20
Q

Screening tests should be

A

inexpensive and non-invasive

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21
Q

Computed tomography (CT) scan

A

3d x-ray good for imaging internal organs. Ie lung cancer. Cons: high dose radiation

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22
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Uses movement of hydrogen atoms to generate image within magnet: pros: does not use x-rays, sensitive cons: expensive, uncomfortable and long

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23
Q

Ultrasound

A

Uses sound waves to view soft tissue: pros: no radiation Cons: Needs to be superficial

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24
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET)

A

Radioactive material is injected into the patient, and then the patient is scanned to determine where the material has settled

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25
Q

Cytology examines what

A

examining cells

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26
Q

histology examines what

A

examining tissue

27
Q

Why are some disease not curable?

A

don’t know cause Can’t get at cause (nervous tissue encased in bone)

28
Q

Any disturbance of structure or function of the body

A

Disease

29
Q

Characteristic structural changes in organs and tissues (functional and organic)

A

Lesions

30
Q

Study of structural and functional changes in body as a result of disease.

A

Pathology

31
Q

Associated with structural changes: Heart disease is a good example. You can see these changes.

A

Organic (structural) disease

32
Q

The cause of disease. Idiopathic means we don’t know.

A

Etiology

33
Q

Path= pathology genesis= beginning How does the disease start? Develop?

A

Pathogenesis

34
Q

Symptoms: Reported by patient. Subjective. Most of a sore throat or a headache is a symptom, because you can’t see the signs. Signs: Measurable and objective. If the throat was red and swollen it could be a sign of a sore throat.

A

Symptoms/signs

35
Q

Chances for complete recovery. Predict permanent loss of function. Probability of survival.

A

Prognosis

36
Q

How uncomfortable it makes you feel. Cold vs pneumonia.

A

Morbidity

37
Q

Rates of death

A

Mortality

38
Q

Treatments designed to relieve and manage symptoms. Often used for terminal illnesses.

A

Palliative

39
Q

Number of total cases at a given time

A

Prevalence

40
Q

Number of new cases at a given time

A

Incidence

41
Q

Non surgical: Technique of examining interior of body with flexible tube with a light

A

Endoscopy

42
Q

Surgical: technique to examine structures within peritoneal cavity. (Small incision made in abdominal wall, often naval)

A

Laparascopy

43
Q

No morphological abnormalities yet body functions are disturbed

A

Functional disease

44
Q

Easier to find structural disease that lead to functional changes: Cancer, arthritis. Sometimes disease doesn’t fit into one of the other (Depression). Hard to tell what causes it.

A

Structural changes can cause functional changes.

45
Q

Organism causing disease: BActeria

A

Pathogen

46
Q

Collection of clinical signs and symptoms

A

Syndrome

47
Q

continuum. Good healthSerious illness

A

Health is a _____

48
Q

Disease will end with death

A

Terminal meaning

49
Q

Incidence is the number of new cases, which is small than the prevalence which includes existing cases.

A

Difference between prevalence and incidence

50
Q

The study of the occurrence, transmission, distribution, and control of disease.

A

Epidemiology

51
Q

Are the results of the tests an indication for what’s being measured

A

Accuracy of a diagnostic test

52
Q

Ability of a test to provide the same result every time it’s used

A

Precision of a diagnostic test

53
Q

Ability of a test to be positive in the presence of disease

A

Sensitivity of a diagnostic test

54
Q

Ability of a test ti be negative in the absence of disease

A

Specificity of a diagnostic test

55
Q

screening for early signs of disease. PAP screens for cervical cancer. Mammogram, colonoscopy, etc.

A

Why do they take BP a lot?

56
Q

genetic

A

Sometimes we screen for ____ diseases because parents are carriers

57
Q

inexpensive and non-invasive

A

Screening tests should be

58
Q

3d x-ray good for imaging internal organs. Ie lung cancer. Cons: high dose radiation

A

Computed tomography (CT) scan

59
Q

Uses movement of hydrogen atoms to generate image within magnet: pros: does not use x-rays, sensitive cons: expensive, uncomfortable and long

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

60
Q

Uses sound waves to view soft tissue: pros: no radiation Cons: Needs to be superficial

A

Ultrasound

61
Q

Radioactive material is injected into the patient, and then the patient is scanned to determine where the material has settled

A

Positron emission tomography (PET)

62
Q

examining cells

A

Cytology examines what

63
Q

examining tissue

A

histology examines what

64
Q

don’t know cause Can’t get at cause (nervous tissue encased in bone)

A

Why are some disease not curable?

2018 summer Understanding Human Disease (12 decks)

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