Week 1-4 Review Flashcards
Impacts of Pain
- Function
- Quality of life
- Relationships
- Family structure
- Financial resources
Sensory/Physical Pain
- Action in pain nerves
- Effect on physiological status
- Severity
Emotional/Affective Pain
- Feelings caused by pain
- Fears
- Knowledge
- Limbic system
Cognitive Pain
- Pain effects on behavior
- Coping strategies
- Meaning
Social Pain
- Behavior
- Reactions
- Responses
Pain Duration
- Acute vs chronic
Pain Frequency
- Constant vs intermittent
Pain Form
- Nociceptive vs neuropathic
Visceral Pain
- Organ lining inflammation
Referred Pain
- Felt in different place than origin
Parietal Pain
- Inflammation of abdominal cavity lining
Neuropathic Pain
- Damage to nervous system
- Chronic
Pain Assessment Techniques
- OLDCARTSS
- Numeric pain scale
Orthopnea
- Inability to breath lying down
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
- Waking in the night due to inability to breath
Diaphoresis
- Sweating
Light-Headedness
- Lack of blood flow to brain
Inspection CV Assessment
- Skin colour
- Respirations
- Diaphoresis
- Speech
- Thorax
- Nailbeds
Pulse Assessment
- Rate
- Rhythm
- Strength
- Symmetry
Murmurs
- Abnormal heart sound
- Swooshing/blowing
- Result of turbulent blood flow
Listening Areas of Heart
- Aortic
- Pulmonic
- Erb’s point
- Tricuspid
- Mitral
S1 Sound
- Loudest at apex (bottom)
- Av valve closing
- Beginning of systole
S2 Sound
- Loudest at base (top)
- Aortic valve closing
- Beginning of diastole
Effects of Aging on Heart
- Decreased elastin
- Increased collagen
- Decreased contractibility & HR
- Increased BP
Arterial Insufficiency
- Diseased artery
- Oxygenated blood difficulty getting to tissue
Arterial Insufficiency Ulcers
- Deep
- Distal location (toes)
- Defined edges
- Dry/pale wound bed
- Necrotic/eschar tissue
Venous Insufficiency
- Leaky valves in lower limbs
- Blood pools in lower legs
- Vessels fail to hold shape
Venous Insufficiency Ulcers
- Shallow
- Distal
- Irregular edges
- Moisture/slough
- Granulation tissue
PV Assessment Components
- Movement
- Temperature
- Sensation
- Blanching
- Colour
- Edema
- Pulse
Clubbing
- Rounded overgrowth
- Chronic hypoxia (lack of adequate oxygen)
Peroneal Nerve
- Dorsiflex & extend toes at metatarsal joint
- Sensation at web space between toe 1 & 2
Tibial Nerve
- Plantar flex ankles & toes
- Sensation at ball of foot
Radial Nerve
- Extension of thumb, fingers & wrist
- Sensation at web space between thumb & finger 2
Ulnar Nerve
- Abduction of fingers
- Sensation at index finger pad
Median Nerve
- Opposition of thumb & pinky
- Sensation at pinky finger pad
Pulses of PV Assessment
- Radial (wrist thumb side)
- Dorsal pedis (top of foot)
- Posterior tibial (medial malleolus)
Challenges of Respiratory System
- Asthma
- Smoking (1st, 2nd, 3rd hand)
Environment
Mucus Subjective Data
- Frequency
- Consistency
- Odor
- Blood
- Colour
Dyspnea
- Difficulty breathing
Stethoscope Placement Anterior
- Mid clavicular line
- 2nd intercostal space
Stethoscope Placement Posterior
- C7
- Down 2 inches
- Left 2 inches
Respiratory Emergency Indicators
- Dyspnea
- Decreased consciousness level
- Respiration rate 30+
- SpO2 <92
Crepitus
- Air in subcutaneous tissue
Abnormal Auscultation Sounds
- Friction rub
- Crackles
- Wheezes
Bronchial Sounds
- Loud
- Hallow
- High pitch
- Pause between in & ex
- 1:2
Vesicular Sounds
- Soft (especially expiration)
- Low pitch
- Most common sound
- 3:1
Bronchovesicular Sounds
- High pitch
- Mid chest area
- 1:1
Fine Crackles
- Brief
- Popping
- High pitch
Coarse Crackles
- Brief
- Popping
- Louder than fine crackles
- Low pitch
Friction Rub
- Low pitch
- Short
Wheeze
- Musical
- Narrowing of airway
Effects of Aging on Lungs
- Fibrose alveoli
- Decreased capacity
- Decreased elasticity
- Decreased area for gas exchange
Effects of Pregnancy on Lungs
- Increase tidal volume
- Out of breath regularly
- Widening of costal angle
Lung Sounds in Children
- Bronchialvesicular
- Irregular rhythm
- Abdominal breathing
- Nose breathing
- Apnea up to 15 seconds
Effects of Pregnancy on Skeleton
- Increased joint mobility
- Lordosis
- Centre of gravity shift
- Strain on lower back
- Anterior neck flexion
- Shoulder slump
Fontanels in Enfants
- Anterior closes 8-24 months
- Posterior closes 2 months
Muscle Strength Assessment
- Compare bilaterally
- Complete strength
- Complete active ROM
- Integrate with joint (mobility) assessment
- Grading scale 0-5
Atony
- Lack of residual tension
Hypotonicity
- Diminished muscle tone
Spasticity
- Stiff muscles
- Hypertonic
Fasciculation
- Involuntary twitching of muscle fibres
Spasm
- Sudden, involuntary contraction of muscle
Tremors
- Involuntary contraction
Factors of Bone Density
- Calcium
- Vitamin D
- Exercise & weight baring
Decreased Bone Density
- Osteoporosis
- Old age
