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1180 Holistic Health Assessment > Musculoskeletal Assessment > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Risk Factors

A
  • Demographic data
  • Past medical history
  • Family history
  • Nutrition
  • Medications
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2
Q

Subjective Data Collection

A
  • Risk factor assessment
  • Psychosocial history
  • Occupation
  • Lifestyle
  • Behaviors
  • Functional assessment
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3
Q

Special Circumstances

A
  • Pathological
  • Pregnancy
  • Scoliosis
  • Polio
  • Basilar skull fracture
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4
Q

Pregnancy

A
  • Increased levels of circulating hormones
  • Increase mobility of joints
  • Changes in maternal posture (lordosis)
  • Compensate for enlarging fetus (gravity centre shift)
  • Strain/pain of lower back muscles
  • Sciatic nerve pain (pressure)
  • Anterior flexion of neck
  • Slumping of shoulders
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5
Q

Infant & Children Legs

A
  • Growth plates
  • Long bones
  • Risk of infection
  • Bowlegged (genu varus) 18 months
  • Transition to knock-knee (genu valgus)
  • Legs straighten 6-7 years
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6
Q

Infant & Children Fontanels

A
  • Anterior closes 9-12 months
  • Posterior closes 2 months
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7
Q

Infants & Children Back

A
  • Check for scoliosis (10-16 years)
  • C-shape curve infants
  • Spinal curvature growth & weight baring
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8
Q

Older Adults Risk

A
  • Falls
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9
Q

Inspection

A
  • Posture (static/dynamic)
  • Gait (locomotion/movement)
  • Balance (cerebellum/neuro)
  • Coordination (movement organization, neuro)
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10
Q

Joint, Muscle & Extremity Inspection

A
  • Size
  • Symmetry
  • Contour
  • Colour
  • Edema/deformity
  • Facial expression during use
  • Curvature of spine
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11
Q

Joint, Muscle & Extremity Palpation

A
  • Muscle tone
  • Temperature variations
  • Tremor/fasciculation
  • Edema
  • Crepitus
  • Bony articulations tenderness
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12
Q

Physical Assessment

A
  • Range of Motion (move all joints)
  • Active/passive (prevention of stiffness & contractures)
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13
Q

Joint Range of Motion

A
  • Flexion/extension
  • Abduction/adduction
  • Pronation/supination
  • Circumduction
  • Protraction/retraction
  • Elevation/depression
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14
Q

Muscle Strength Assessment

A
  • Integrated with joint (ROM) exam
  • Compare bilaterally
  • Full strength requires complete active ROM
  • Grading scale 0-5
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15
Q

Grade 0 Muscle Strength

A
  • No visible contraction
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16
Q

Grade 1 Muscle Strength

A
  • Muscle contraction detectable
  • No movement of joint
17
Q

Grade 2 Muscle Strength

A
  • Complete ROM with joint supported
  • No ROM against gravity
18
Q

Grade 3 Muscle Strength

A
  • Complete ROM against gravity
19
Q

Grade 4 Muscle Strength

A
  • Complete ROM against gravity
  • Moderate resistance
20
Q

Grade 5 Muscle Strength

A
  • Complete ROM against gravity
  • Full resistance
21
Q

Atony

A
  • Lack of residual tension
22
Q

Hypotonicity

A
  • Diminished tone of skeletal muscles
23
Q

Spasticity

A
  • Stiff muscles (hypertonic)
  • Awkward movement
24
Q

Fasciculation

A
  • Involuntary twitching of muscle fibers
25
Q

Tremors

A
  • Involuntary contraction
26
Q

Bone Density

A
  • Thickness/hardness of bone
27
Q

Influencing Factors of Bone Density

A
  • Exercise
  • Weight baring
  • Calcium
  • Vitamin D
28
Q

Bone Density Decrease

A
  • Old age
  • Osteoporosis

1180 Holistic Health Assessment (9 decks)

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