Week 1

Question 1

growth

Answer 1

quantitative; refers to actual increase in physical size/growth of body systems

Question 2

development

Answer 2

qualitative changes in skill and ability that accompany growth, ranges of when skills are to be achieved; assessment of the neurological system

Question 3

critical/sensitive periods

Answer 3

when a child is absolutely biologically primed to learn something and requires an adequate environment to support that (ie. babies w biologic cataracts need them removed by 6 months or else they will never see)

Question 4

language critical period

Answer 4

18 months - 3 years

Question 5

proximodistal

Answer 5

inner to outer (direction development follows)

Question 6

cephalocaudal

Answer 6

head to toe (direction development follows)

Question 7

walking range

Answer 7

9-18 months

Question 8

4 areas of development always assessed

Answer 8

gross motor
fine motor
language
social skills

Question 9

extremely linked to neurology

Answer 9

fine motor skills

Question 10

single best predictor of cognitive development

Answer 10

language

Question 11

formative years

Answer 11

0-5; brain growth and neuro devlopment is at its most rapid and the child is biologically primed to learn different skills in this time period. if they do not do well in this time period it can be very hard if not impossible to get it back.

Question 12

3 periods of exponential brain growth

Answer 12

prenatal, early years, adolescence

Question 13

factors effecting how a child develops: BIOLOGICAL

Answer 13

genetics
prematurity
birth/trauma
neonatal (first month of life)
sex (boys develop slower than girls, testosterone slows development)
temperament)

Question 14

temperament

Answer 14

inborn personality – effects how people respond to the child and is also strongly a/w their resilience and development

Question 15

factors effecting how a child develops: PSYCHOSOCIAL

Answer 15

environment
nutrition
SES
maternal depression

Question 16

trust vs mistrust

Answer 16

EE theory of PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
infancy
encourage parents to stay in hospital and if not bring plenty of items from home, 18 months is the most difficult age for a child to be hospitalized

Question 17

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Answer 17

EE
toddlerhood
“no” or “mine”
are realizing they are separate beings

Question 18

3 ways toddlers begin to express their autonomy

Answer 18

negativism (no)
ritualism
ambivalence (limit their choices and narrow it down for them)

Question 19

initiative vs guilt

Answer 19

EE
preschool
likes to please, likes to do things, try to get them to do something everyday

Question 20

industry vs inferiority

Answer 20

EE
school-age
agreeable, wants to please, wants to take pride in something, love being a “help”, tend to be easy to look after

Question 21

identity vs identity confusion

Answer 21

EE
adolescence
lots of changes, trying different things, figuring out who they are and who they want to be/how to get there
the pt IS the adolescent** introduce yourself to them, ask if they want parents in the room

Question 22

Jean Piaget theory of

Answer 22

cognitive development

Question 23

criticism of piaget

Answer 23

underestimated ability of infants, overestimated formal thinking in adolescents

Question 24

general idea of piaget

Answer 24

that children process information differently depending on their stage of development

Question 25

sensorimotor stage age

Answer 25

0-2 years

Question 26

sensorimotor stage shown by

Answer 26

children connect their senses and motor activity to learn about the world
they test everything out
gain control over their reflexes
recognize familiar objects; start imitating others; may develop stranger anxiety
infants repeat actions to achieve wanted results
actions are purposeful
begins to associate symbols w events (ie waving goodbye)

Question 27

preoperational stage age

Answer 27

2-7 years

Question 28

preoperational shown by

Answer 28

a stage of thinking that is not always rational or logical but is creative, magical and often bizarre

Question 29

concrete operations stage age

Answer 29

7-11 years

Question 30

an operation is a…

Answer 30

mental activity

Question 31

concrete operations stage shown by

Answer 31

children being very specific in their thinking, they develop things like classification

Question 32

formal operations stage age

Answer 32

12+ years

Question 33

formal operations shown by

Answer 33

abstract reasoning develops, ability to think of things that are not tangible
able to turn their thinking inwards to themselves

Question 34

Kohlberg

Answer 34

moral theory (stage theory of rationalizing why children do what they do)

Question 35

Gilligan

Answer 35

feminist;
looked at how women look at moral situations; came up with women having an ethic of “caring”
(in actuality what makes a difference in moral decision making is culture, not gender, like she was trying to prove)

Question 36

Adler

Answer 36

work was based on ecouragement of children and birth order

Question 37

david elkind

Answer 37

wrote the book “the hurried child”
wrote about what we do to children when we try to hurry up their development
worked a lot on adolescence and came up with imaginary audience and personal fable