Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 112 > week 1 & 2 quiz > Flashcards

week 1 & 2 quiz Flashcards

chapter 5 & 7

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What structure is selectively permeable?

A

the plasma membrane: it allow some substances to cross it more easily than others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are transport proteins responsible for?

A

controlling passage across cellular membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe how the phospholipid bilayer is amphipathic

A

the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids are sheltered inside the membrane, while the hydrophilic heads are exposed to water on either side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does the cell demonstrate SA:V?

A

cell membrane-> SA of cells
interior (cytoplasm, organelles,etc.) -> volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function of cell surface membranes?

A

-transport ***
-enzymatic activity
-signal transduction
-cell-cell recognition
-intercellular joining
-attachment to cytoskeleton & extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what can get through w/o help?

A

small, non-polar or hydrophobic or lipid soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what needs ATP to get through

A

large, polar, hydrophilic or water soluble, or charged (Ca2+, H+, Na+, K+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do transport proteins do?

A

allow charge molecules through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are aquaporins?

A

channel proteins that greatly facilitate the passage of water molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is diffusion?

A

the tendency for molecules to spread out, or down concentration gradient until it reaches dynamic equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is passive transport?

A

simple diffusion of substance across membrane w/o help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is osmosis?

A

diffusion of water from low to high solute concentration
H20 moves in a direction so as to dilute the concentrated side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a isotonic solution

A

solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell; no net water movement across the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a hypertonic solution?

A

solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a hypotonic solution?

A

solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cells without cell walls?

A

shrivel in hypertonic and lyse in hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cells with cell walls?

A

hypotonic- turgid (normal)
isotonic-flaccid
hypertonic- plasmolyzed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is osmoregulation?

A

control of solute concentrations & water balance; is a necessary adaptation for life in various environments
example: freshwater unicellular paramecium that uses contractile vacuole to get rid of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

transport proteins speed the passive movement of of charged molecules across the plasma membrane, ex: channel protein, carrier protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is active transport?

A

energy received, usually in the form of ATP hydrolysis, ex: sodium-potassium pump-> 3 Na+ move outside and bind to protein, 2 K+ move in to create gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is membrane potential?

A

voltage across a membrane created by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions across a membrane inside of cell is more negative than outside due to Na+K+ pump

22
Q

what is a electrogenic pump?

A

generates a difference in voltage across membrane; the main pump for plants is the proton pump which transports H+ ions out of the cell; helps to store energy for cellular work

23
Q

what is cotransport?

A

2 substances move at the same time, symporter= same direction; ex: plants -> H+/sucrose cotransporter

24
Q

how to find SA:V ratio?

A

SA= lengthxwidthx# of sides
volume= lengthxwidthxheight

25
Q

what are the macromolecules?

A

-carbohydrates
-proteins-nucleic acids
-lipids

26
Q

what are polymers?

A

made up of small, repeating monomers; carbs, proteins, & nucleic acids are polymers

27
Q

what are the complex sugars?

A

starch, glycogen(storage), cellulose( most abundant bio molecule; structural; cells walls), chitin (structure)

28
Q

what is needed to make or break a polymer?

A

enzymes

29
Q

what is the dehydration reaction?

A

2 monomers bond through loss of water molecule to make polymer

30
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

breaks down polymer

31
Q

what are simple sugars?

A

monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, maltose

32
Q

what are disaccharides?

A

2 monos, sucrose(glucose & fructose)

33
Q

what are polysaccharides?

A

complex sugars: storage & structural sugars

34
Q

what is starch?

A

major storage carb of glucose; found in roots & seeds of plants

35
Q

what are the storage carbohydrates?

A

-glycogen in animals
-starch in plants

36
Q

what is cellulose?

A

structural carb; major components of cell walls; most abundant on earth; is a polymer of glucose

37
Q

what is chitin?

A

structural carb; found in insect skeletons

38
Q

what are lipids?

A

hydrophobic & NOT composed of monomers; consist mostly of hydrocarbons, and most important types: fats, phospholipids, & steroids
the unfiying feature of lipids is that they mix poorly with water

39
Q

what are fats constructed of?

A

1 glycerol & 3 fatty acids

40
Q

what are saturated fats?

A

only one carbon bond, max hydrogen molecules; animal fat, solid at room temp; molecule is straight, so it can pack more tightly together so its solid; cardiovascular disease caused by diet rich in saturated fats

41
Q

what are unsaturated fats?

A

less hydrogen, one carbon-carbon bond, liquid oils at room temp; cis double bond causes molecules to bend in curved shape; plant & fish fats

42
Q

what is hydrogenation?

A

adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats to convert to sat. fats ; food companies do it, but its banned; it causes trans fats which is even worse for health

43
Q

what is LDL

A

bad cholesterol

44
Q

what is HDL

A

good cholesterol

45
Q

parts of a phospholipid?

A

head-> choline, phosphate, and glycol
two fatty acid tails

46
Q

what is surrounding charged molecules?

A

halo of water which makes it hydrophobic

47
Q

types of proteins

A

-enzymatic-> selective attention of chemicals
-storage-> stores amino acids
-defensive-> protects against diseases
-transport-> moves substances
-hormonal-> coordination of one’s activities
-contractile & motor-> movement; ex: actin & myosin
-receptor-> response of cell to chemical stimuli
-structural-> support

48
Q

what are amino acids?

A

organic molecules with amino acid & carboxyl groups

49
Q

what are R groups?

A

functional group of each amino acid; hydrophobic R groups-> carbon & hydrogen; hydrophilic R groups-> electric charged and polar

50
Q

how is a protein?

A

it comes in 4 structures
1) structure & function
2) how its folded
3) represents the 3-d structure
4) hemoglobin-> each subunit has atom of iron

51
Q

what is sickle cell disease?

A

mutation of Heme subunit

Bio 112 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions