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Botany > Week 1-2 > Flashcards

Week 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

5 Types of Plants

A

Angiosperms, Other seed-bearing plants, Ferns, Lycophytes, Non-vascular lands plants

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2
Q

Are algae plants?

A

No

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3
Q

When to repot?

A

Growth has slowed, plant tips over easily, plant dries out quickly, many roots coming out the bottom

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4
Q

Monstera

A

Fenestrated leaves, semi-climbers

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5
Q

Pothos

A

Climbers, easy to propagate, many varieties, shade, hanging plants

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6
Q

Ficus

A

Fiddle leaf fig, grow very large

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7
Q

Snake Plant

A

Very easy to grow

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8
Q

Spider Plant

A

Easy to propagate

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9
Q

ZZ Plant

A

Eternity plant

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10
Q

Air Plant

A

Reduced roots, water by soaking, dry upside down

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11
Q

African Violet

A

Easy to propagate, single leaf cutting

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12
Q

Orchid

A

Epiphytes

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13
Q

Succulents

A

High light, low water, sandy, well-drained soil

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14
Q

Carnivorous Plants

A

Native to nutrient poor bogs, need additional light

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15
Q

Protoplasm

A

Mass of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and water, includes organelles but not the cell wall

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16
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Includes organelles except the nucleus and vacuole

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17
Q

Cytosol

A

just the fluid

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18
Q

Plant Cell Wall

A

Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins

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19
Q

Microfibrils

A

Bound together by hemicellulsoes, rod shaped

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20
Q

Middle Lamella

A

Composed of pectins, connects cell walls like mortar

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21
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Small channels that connect adjacent cells, plasma membrane passes through them and creates a contiguous membrane from cell to cell, small stream of the cytosol and a section of the ER also pass through

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22
Q

Primary Pit Fields

A

Clusters of plasmodesmata

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23
Q

Symplast

A

Plasmodesmata connect protoplasts

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24
Q

Apoplast

A

All intercellular space and cell walls together

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25
Central Vacuole
Storage, recycling, waste, critical for cell enlargement
26
Dictyosomes
Protein modification, stacks of thin vesicles held together in an array that processes materials to be secreted, mucilage secreting cells
27
General Cell Types
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma
28
Parenchyma "poured in beside"
Thin primary walls, alive at maturity, inexpensive, metabolically active, store water, structural support
29
Specific Parenchyma
Chlorenchyma, Glandular cells, transfer cells, sieve elements
30
Chlorenchyma "green tissue"
photosynthetic, thin walls, maximize light and CO2 absorption
31
Glandular Cells
secrete nectar, fragrances, mucilage, resins, oils
32
Transfer Cells
short-distance transport, large plasma membrane with molecular pumps
33
Sieve elements
Long-distance sugar transport, cell walls have numerous small holes that resemble a sieve, nuclei degrades, associated with albuminous cells, companion cells
34
Collenchyma "glue tissue"
Thick-sticky appearance of cell walls, primary wall that is thin in some areas and thickened in others, plasticity and flexible, least common, beneath the epidermis, supporting vascular bundles
35
Sclerenchyma "hard tissue"
Thick secondary wall, elastic walls, support, dead at maturity, conductive/mechanical
36
Conductive
Treachery elements (vessel elements and tracheas)
37
Tracheids
typically shorter and narrower than vessels, water only passes through small pits between tracheids
38
Vessel Elements
form stacks celled vessels, walls between connecting vessel elements gets dissolved, facilitating easier water movement between vessel elements
39
Mechanical
fibers and sclereids
40
Fibers
long and flexible, wood, primary growth vascular bundles
41
Sclerieds
short, isodiametric, inflexible, brittle, seed protection
42
Pith
Soft central parenchyma
43
Vascular Bundles
Xylem + Phloem
44
Epidermis
Outermost surface of an herbaceous stem, single layer of parenchyma cells, all interchange of material between a plant and its environment, protection, prevents water loss
45
Cuticle
waterproof outer coating, dry conditions
46
Stomata
gas exchange, water loss
47
Guard Cells
pair of cells that border the stomatal pore, sweet by absorbing water, pore between them opens, permitting entry of CO2, dehydrated = closed
48
Stomatal pore
hole between the guard cells through which gases can pass
49
Trichomes
Epidermal cells elongated outward, protective, deter, minimize water loss, secretory glands
50
Cortex
closer to the surface, surrounding the vascular bundles
51
Monocots
Vascular bundles scattered, no clear distinction between cortex and pith, 1 cotyledon, fibrous root system, parallel leaf veins
52
Aerenchyma
Loosely packed with large intercellular air spaces, underwater roots
53
Xylem
conducts water and minerals, dead treachery elements
54
Phloem
distributes sugars and minerals, sieve elements alive
55
Types of Secondary Cell Walls (tracheary)
Annular, helical, scalariform, reticulate, pitted
56
Circular bordered pits
cell builds a secondary wall inside the primary wall, pits are weak points in the wall
57
Pit Membranes
How water moves between tracheids
58
Dicots
2 cotyledons, taproot system, vascular bundles in a circle, branching leaf veins
59
Shoot
stem with included leaves, leaves attached by nodes, internodes are regions between nodes
60
Phyllotaxy
arrangement of leaves on the stem
61
Alternate phyllotaxy
one leaf is attached at each node
62
Opposite phyllotaxy
two leaves attached at each node
63
Whorled phyllotaxy
three or more leaves attached at each node

Botany (15 decks)

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