Non-vascular Plants Flashcards
Embryophytes
Origin of Clade
Liverworts
DT plant, no stomata
Mosses
DT plant, stomata
Hornworts
DT plant, stomata
Lycophytes
Some DT, stomata, vascular tissue, no true leaves
Ferns
Few DT plants, stomata, vascular tissue, true leaves, no seeds
Gymnosperms
No DT, seeds, true leaves, vascular tissue, stomata
Angiosperms
Few DT, flowers and fruits, seeds, true leaves, vascular tissue, stomata
Liverwort Division
Hepatophyta
Mosses Division
Bryophyta
Hornwort Division
Anthocerotophyta
Mosses Life Cycle
Dibiontic, sporic, oogamous
Liverwort
Dibiontic, sporic, oogamous
Fern
Dibiontic, sporic, oogamous
Telomes
simple dichotomous branches, photosynthetic, lacked specialized vascular tissue
Telome Theory
dichotomous branching becomes overtopping, align in one plane, thin sheets of chlorophyll containing parenchyma webbing develop between telexes (megaphyll “true” evolution)
Homosporous
produce only one type of spore that is bisexual or unisexual
Heterosporous
produce two distinct types of spores
True Roots
anchor firmly, absorb efficiently
Lycophytes (Club Mosses)
distinct line of evolution out of early land plants, microphylls contain a single, well-developed trace of vascular tissue, true roots
Dibiontic
all land plants, multicellular sporophyte and multicellular gametophyte
Interpolation Hypothesis
small sporophyte developed when zygote germinated mitotically instead of meiotically
Transformation Theory
After dibiontic life cycle originated, both gametophyte and sporophyte became larger/vascularized = alternation of isomorphic generations
Hornowort
different sporophytes from mosses or liverworts, foot embedded in gametophore tissue, no seta or discrete sporangium, no oil bodies but resemble thalloid liverworts, single large chloroplast in each cell
