WEEK 1 Flashcards
define the first law of thermodynamics ( law of energy conservation)
energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed from one state to another
define carbon fuels
carbon is the basis of all life on earth and our economy
describe carbon fuels and oxygen ( x3)
1- energy needs to be extracted from the chemical bonds in the carbon fuels
2- oxygen is necessary in the burning of carbon fuels
3- fats and carbs= carbon fuels
what is the chemical equation for carbohydrate
C6H12O6
what is the chemical equation for fat
C6H32O2
what is the chemical equation for glucose when we are measuring the amount of energy used during exercise
C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6h2O + heat and work
what is the chemical equation for fat when measuring the amount of energy used during exercise
C6H32O2 + 23O2 > 16CO2 + 16H2O + heat and work
how much energy per gram is glucose
17kj
how much energy per gram is fat
39kj
define an indirect calorimetry
measures oxygen and derives energy expenditure
define direct calorimetry
measures the heat and derives from energy expenditure
what does protein equal to in energy per gram
17kj
by using the Atwater rosa calorimeter how is energy equivalent of oxygen
the relationship between oxygen consumption and heat production ( metabolism) was established.
describe oxygen utilisation/ uptake at rest
the amount of oxygen taken in and transported to the working muscles is often called 1 MET
what is the equation for 1 MET for a female and then a male
female= 3.5 x 58 divided by 1000= 0.203L/min
male= 3.5 x 86 divided by 1000= 0.301L/min
describe the relationship with power and vo2 (x2)
- the vo2 cost of exercising on a cycle ergometer is the same for all individuals at a given power output, irrespective of age , gender and state training
- however heart rate may vary considerably between individuals because of their differences in fitness.
define vo2 max and describe its role (x2)
def= the maximal oxygen uptake is the highest oxygen consumption that can be achieved despite increases in exercise intensity
1- vo2 max is the highest rate that ATP can be synthesised via the aerobic system alone
2- in exercise science vo2 max is the fundamental measure used for comparison of aerobic capacity and endurance fitness.
describe absolute vo2 compared to relative vo2
absolute= litres of oxygen consumed per minute
relative= compare individuals of different size vo2 eg the ml of oxygen consumed per kilogram body weight per min
what are the 3 physiological determinants of aerobic endurance performance
1- aerobic capacity
2- ability to sustain an effort at a high percentage of vo2 max
3- efficiency of energy use or economy of movement
define efficiency
the percentage of external work as a proportion of total chemical energy expended.
define mechanical efficiency
external work divided by energy expended x 100
describe what happens with running economy when walking
eceonomy= oxygen consumption per unit body mass per unit distance walked or run
write down the economy equation also state the solution measurement
vo2 divided by speed= ml 02. kg-1. km
describe epoc
a fast component with the restitution of high energy phosphagens and subsequent vo2 cost of lactate removal or work of the heart
- in the longer term= raised metabolism associated with increased circulating catecholamines, protein synthesis and increased body temp
