week 1 Flashcards
motor development definition
the changes in motor behavior across the lifespan and the processes which underlie these changes
development
describes the change
*observe behavior and describe it
process
adaption to heredity, growth, environment, and experiences
*why can we see changes?
motor learning
related to experience and practice (usually minutes, hours, practice trials)
motor learning vs motor development
motor learning takes minutes hours, practice trials
motor development takes months and years
is age a cause of motor development?
no
*on your 5th birthday, you don’t just learn how to skip
heredity
passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another
*nature
maturation
the process of development that occurs as we grow and change
*going towards final pattern
experience
knowledge or skill derived from from direct observation of or participation in events or in a particular activity
*environment we grow up in, nurture
learning
process that results in a change in knowledge or behavior as a result of experience
readiness
a point where a child is physically, mentally, and socially ready to learn a new skill
growth
actual physical, biological, and neurological changes (increase in size)
phylogenetic skills
motor skills that are common to all members of a species (walking)
ontogenetic skills
motor skills that are unique to the individual (shooting a basketball)
*based on behavior
what are determinants of change?
biological heritage (nature)
environment (nurture)
motor skill development is…
sequential
cumulative
similar for all children
rate/choices are individualized
sequential
certain motor patterns precede others in a set order
cumulative
current motor behaviors are built on previous ones
periods of motor development
reflexive
pre-adaptive
fundamental motor skills
task-specific motor skills
skilled motor behavior
compensation
reflexive period
prenatal to neonatal
motor behaviors are “reflexive”
survival reflexes (rooting sucking, grasping, Moro)
pre-adaptive period
2 weeks to 1 year
cessation (disappearance) of reflexes
begin voluntary control
active exploration
“predisposition” for certain behaviors
changes due to gravity and practice
key systems of pre-adaptive period
postural (period when walking culminates)
manipulative (culminates in self-feeding)
fundamental motor skill period
1 to 7 years
skills that are fundamental like running, throwing, skipping
building blocks
affect later development
patterns change (rudimentary to skilled)
key fundamental skills
locomotor; walk, run, jump, gallop, hop, skip
manipulative; throw, catch, kick, strike
task-specific motor skills period
7 years to 12 years
use fundamental skills in task specific way, like applying to sports
combine several fundamental skills
proficiency barrier
idea that if you do not mast fundamental skills, you will not have the skills to play sports when you are in middle/high school and as an adult
skilled motor behavior period
12 years to early adulthood
skills become automatic
efficient (minimize effort; integrate)
compensation period
all ages, primarily adult
adapting to acute or chronic problems
something breaks down, adapt to it
*strategy
