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Entm 1000 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

6 characteristics of arthropods

A

joint legs, segmented bodies, exoskeleton, ventral nerve cord, dorsal heart, bilateral symmetry

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2
Q

3 body regions of insect

A

head, thorax, abdomen

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3
Q

parts of head

A

antennae, mouthparts, eyes

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4
Q

what are antennae for

A

Motion
Smell
Balance
Touch
vibration/sound

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5
Q

types of mouthparts

A

chewing, sucking, sponging, combination

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6
Q

parts of chewing mouthparts

A

labrum, mandibles, labium

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7
Q

types of combination mouthparts

A

piercing-sucking, cutting-sponging

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8
Q

difference between compound and simple eyes

A
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9
Q

how do compound eyes control amount of light

A

pigment

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10
Q

insect eye size day vs. night

A
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11
Q

role of thorax

A

power/movement centre

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12
Q

parts of thorax

A

pro, meso, meta

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13
Q

where are wings located

A

meso, metathorax

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14
Q

parts of insect legs

A

Trochanter
Coxa
Femur
Tibia
Tarsus
Claw

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15
Q

modifications to insect legs

A

Swimming
Catching
Digging
Running
Jumping

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16
Q

role of abdomen on outside

A

Spiracles
ovipositors/copulatory structures
Setae (hairs)
Cerci
Ears (tympanum)

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17
Q

role of abdomen internally

A

Reproductive organs
Digestion and excretion
Food reserves

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18
Q

3 parts of insect digestive system

A

foregut, midgut, hindgut

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19
Q

use of foregut

A

Food Intake
Storage In the crop
Grinding
Transport through the rest of the digestive system

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20
Q

parts of foregut

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Crop
Salivary gland
proventriculus

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21
Q

use of midgut

A

Digestion
Absorption

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22
Q

parts of midgut

A

Gastric caecum - Where enzymes are released (for digestion)
Ventriculus - Kind of like stomach (lots of digestion/absorption)

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23
Q

use of hindgut

A

Removal of digestive and metabolic wastes
Reabsorption (mostly water)

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24
Q

parts of hindgut

A

Malpighian tubule
For excretion
-Kind of like kidneys in humans
-Float around and filter waste in homoglyph (blood)
-Lots of little tubes
Ileum
Rectum
anus

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25
Q

parts of respiratory system

A

Tracheae & Tracheoles
Air sacs
Spiracles

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26
Q

difference between human and insect circulatory system

A

closed vs open

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27
Q

what does hemolymph transport

A

Nutrient transport
Hormone transport
Waste transport

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28
Q

what side insect heart located

A

dorsal

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29
Q

parts of insect circulatory system

A

Dorsal vessel
-Aorta portion
-Heart portion
Dorsal diaphragm
Ventral diaphragm
Ostia
hemolymph

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30
Q

parts of insect nervous system

A

Brain
Ventral nerve cord (paired)
Neurons with ganglia
-Where nerves connect

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31
Q

male insect reproductive parts

A

Testes
Accessory glands

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32
Q

female insect reproductive parts

A

Ovaries
Where eggs are stored
Spermatheca
Where they store sperm

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33
Q

3 reproductive methods

A

Sexual
-Fertilized embryos produce male + -female offspring
-Most cases
Asexual - parthenogenesis
-Female produce more females w/o mating
-Aphids during spring + summer
Haplodiploidy
-Combination of sexual + asexual
-Unfertilized eggs are male, fertilized = female

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34
Q

what is insect outer part called

A

integument

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35
Q

parts of integument

A

cuticle, epidermis

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36
Q

role of cuticle and whats it made of

A

Composed primarily of chitin
Ranges from hard and inflexible to soft and stretchable
Mostly dead
On outside

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37
Q

role of epidermis and where located

A

Produces cuticle
Skin
Under cuticle

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38
Q

role of integument

A

Body support (exoskeleton)
Muscles attach to it
Movement
Physical protection
Prevents water loss
Wax layer to keep moisture inside
Sensory
Growth
Pigmentation

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39
Q

extensions of integument

A

spines, setae, scales, sensilla

40
Q

whats the stages of moulting

A

Old exoskeleton digested
New skeleton formed beneath old
Old skeleton shed
Stretching
Tanning

41
Q

when does insect growth occur

A

during juvenile via moulting

42
Q

what is metamorphosis

A

a change in form

43
Q

what is moulting and what is exuvia

A

Casting of cuticle to allow growth
Only sheds outer layer
Exuvia = cast cuticle

44
Q

what is instar and what happens

A

Form of the insect between moults
No growth occurs

45
Q

what happens during metamorphosis or development

A

Transformation from immature to adult
Wings and reproductive organs fully developed
Full expression of adult traits

46
Q

3 types of metamorphosis and what they mean

A

Ametabolous - no metamorphosis
Hemimetabolous-incomplete metamorphsis
Holometabolous - complete metamorphosis

47
Q

what kind of metamorphosis has pupa

A

holometabolous

48
Q

what kingdom do insects belong to

A

animalia

49
Q

what phylum do insects belong to

A

arthropoda

50
Q

what class do insects belong to

A

insecta

51
Q

how many orders of insects

A

27 + 3 non-insect hexapods

52
Q

what characteristics are used to classify insects

A

antenna, legs, wings, development patterns

53
Q

how many orders have ametabolous development

A

2 + 3 non-insect hexapods

54
Q

what do ametbolous insects all not have

A

no wings

55
Q

Archaeognatha(Jumping bristletails

A

ametabolous
~ 500 species
Found under leaf litter, dead wood, rocks, bark
Body covered in fine scales
Three tail-like appendages

56
Q

Zygentoma(Silverfish and firebrats)

A

ametabolous
~400 species
Certain species found in households - considered pests
Destroy book and clothes
Body covered in fine scales
3 tail-like appendages

57
Q

how many types of non-insect hexapods

A

3

58
Q

what characterizes non-insect hexapods

A

Arthropods w/ 6 legs but not insects

Small, wingless soil dwelling arthropods

mouthparts sunken into head

59
Q

Protura

A

non-insect hexapod
~700 described species

60
Q

Diplura

A

non-insect hexapod
~1000 described species

61
Q

collembola

A

non-insect hexapod
~8000 described species

name
Coll = glue
Embola = wedge

Most abundant soil dwelling
hexapods

62
Q

how many orders of memimetabolous insects

A

14

63
Q

Ephemeroptera(Mayflies)

A

hemimetabolous

~3000 described species
Only insects that molt after wings functional
Indicator of water health
nymphs feed on algae and other aquatic material
non-feeding adults

64
Q

Odonata(Damselflies and dragonflies)

A

hemimetabolous
~6000 described species
Aquatic juvenile stage, terrestrial adult stage
predatory as juveniles and adults

65
Q

plecoptera(stoneflies)

A

hemimetabolous
~2000 described species
aquatic juvenile stage, terrestrial adult stage
some predatory species, some herbivorous

66
Q

dermaptera(earwigs)

A

hemimetabolous
~2000 described species
easily identified by forecep-like cerci at tip of abdomen
feed primarily on decaying organic matter

67
Q

orthoptera(grasshoppers, crickets and katydids)

A

hemimetabolous

~22000 described species
make noise by rubbing legs together
Primarily herbivorous, but some predators
many agricultural pests

68
Q

Phasmatodea(Walking sticks and leaf insects)

A

hemimetabolous

~3000 species
Predominantly tropical distribution
Mimic vegetation features
herbivorous
one species in manitoba

69
Q

Mantodea(Mantids)

A

hemimetabolous
~2300 species
Ambush predators with raptorial forelegs

70
Q

Blattodea(cockroaches and termites)

A

hemimetabolous

71
Q

cockroaches

A

~4000 species
blattodea
hemimetabolous
primarily tropically distributed nocturnal scavengers
small number of human pest species

72
Q

termites

A

blatodea
hemimetabolous
~2600 described species
Feed on cellulose rich material (wood)
Social, with polymorphic caste system
Queen, worker, soldier
Critical decomposers in many ecosystems

73
Q

Psocodea(lice)

A

chewing and sucking
bark and book
hemimetabolous

74
Q

chewing & sucking lice

A

Psocodea order
aka (phithiraptera)
~5000 species
Ectoparasites of birds and mammals
hemimetabolous

75
Q

bark and book lice

A

hemimetabolous
psocodea order
aka psocoptera
~11000 species
feed on plant material

76
Q

thysanoptera(thrips)

A

~6000 described species
Narrow hair-fringed wings
Primarily plant feeders but some predators and parasites
hemimetabolous

77
Q

hemiptera(True bugs, cicadas, hoppers, aphids, whiteflies, scales, psyllids, mealybugs)

A

~100000 species
All have piercing and sucking mouthparts
hemimetabolous
many pest species and important natural enemies

78
Q

true bugs

A

aka heteroptera
hemiptera order
Predators, omnivores and plant feeders
Hemelytron - thickened forewing w/ membranous tip
Many pests and natural enemies
hemimetabolous
many aquatic species

79
Q

Aphids, whiteflies, scales, psyllids

A

aka sternorrhyncha
hemiptera order
hemimetabolous
Plant feeders
Many pest species

80
Q

cicadas and hoppers

A

aka auchenorrhyncha
hemiptera order
hemimetabolous
plant feeders
many pest species

81
Q

Embioptera and zoraptera (Webspinners and angel insects)

A

~400 and 30 described species respectively
hemimetabolous

82
Q

Notoptera(Rock crawlers &heelwalkers)

A

Rock crawlers
-26 species
-1914 in banff
heelwalkers
-Few described species
-2002 namibia
-Can find in glaciers

83
Q

how many holometabolous orders

A

11

84
Q

Neuroptera(Lacewings, owlflies and antlions)

A

~6500 species
Chewing mouthparts
Predatory larvae, variable adult diets
Many natural enemies (green & brown lacewings)
holometabolous

85
Q

Siphonaptera(Fleas)

A

~2600 species
Ectoparasites of mammals
Laterally compressed body
Wingless
All feed on blood
Good jumper
Can transmit disease
holometabolous

86
Q

Trichoptera(Caddisflies)

A

~13000 described species
Moth-like adults but wings hairy not scaly
Aquatic juvenile stage, terrestrial adult stage
Diverse larval feeding habits
Larvae build cases
Indicator of water quality
holometabolous

87
Q

Lepidoptera(Butterflies, skippers and moths)

A

~160000 described species
Scales cover much of body and wings of adults
Herbivore larvae, nectar feeding adults
Many pests and pollinators
All chewing mouthpart as larvae
caterpillar

holometabolous

88
Q

Moth vs Butterfly

A

Moth
-Antenna threadlike or feathery
-Adults nocturnal
-At rest wings cover back in ridge shape

Butterfly
-Antenna like golf club
-Adults diurnal
-At rest wings stand upright on back of body

89
Q

diptera(True flies)

A

~150000 described species
One pair of wings
Hind wings reduced, modified into halteres
Larvae maggot like
Many pests and natural enemies and beneficial insects
Some have piercing sucking mouth, some have sponging
Many aquatic larvae
Incredibly diverse and extreme habitats
holometabolous

90
Q

Coleoptera(Beetles)

A

~350000 described species
Forewing modified into hardened elytra
Also have soft hindwing
All have chewing mouthpart
Primarily herbivores or predators but also scavengers and parasites
Many aquatic species
Many pests and natural enemies and beneficial insects

91
Q

Hymenoptera(Wasps, bees, ants and sawflies)

A

~115000 described species
~75% are parasitoids of other insects
Likely Most beneficial order of insects
pollination, natural products and pest control
Chewing mouthpart
holometabolous

92
Q

Megaloptera(Alderflies, dobsonflies and fishflies)

A

~300 described species
Aquatic predators
holometabolous

93
Q

Raphidioptera(Snakeflies)

A

~220 described species
Adults are terrestrial predators
Large mobile head used to get prey like snake
holometabolous

94
Q

Mecoptera(Scorpionflies)

A

~550 known species
Vertically elongated face
Terrestrial predators
Large insects
2cm
Males have scorpion-like abdomen
holometabolous

95
Q

Strepsiptera(Twisted-wing parasites)

A

~600 described species
Parasites of other insects, mostly hymenoptera and hemiptera
Extreme sexual dimorphism
Male & female very different
holometabolous

Entm 1000 (3 decks)

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