week 1 Flashcards
what did Socrates and Plato believe about the mind & body?
they believed mind is separate from body.
the mind continues after death.
knowledge is born within us
(their ideas were derived by principles of logic)
what did Plato’s student, Artisole, believe about the mind & body?
- knowledge is not preexisting
- knowledge grows through experiences
(Artisole’s principles were derived from data and careful observations)
what did Descartes believe about the mind & body?
- agreed with Socrates & Plato, mind is entirely distinct from the body, but they interact.
- brain fluid were the spirits of the animal
who is John Locke and what did he do?
- wrote an important paper “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding”
- argued the mind a birth is a blank slate
- helped to form modern EMPIRCISM
what is EMPIRICISM?
- the idea that what we know comes from experience.
- observation & experimentation enable scientific knowledge
structuralism
focuses on breaking down mental processes into the basic components of consciousness.
functionalism
studies how mental and behavioral processes function to help people adapt to their environment.
behaviorism
focuses on observable behavior, emphasizes the role of learning and experiences in shaping behavior.
who is Wilhelm Wundt?
- establish first psych lab (1879)
- studied conscious experience through introspection
who is G. Stanley Hall?
- established first formal psych lab (John Hopkins University)
- first APA president
- studied evolutionary theory & child development
who is William James?
- founded functionalism
