unit 5 : cognition Flashcards
encoding
the process of getting information into the memory system
storage
retaining information over time
retrieval
accessing information from memory storage
sensory memory
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory info
short term memory (STM)
memory that holds a few items briefly before its forgotten or stored
long term memory (LTM)
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of memory
working memory
part of STM that focuses on conscious processing of info
explicit memory
memory of facts and experiences we can consciously know and “declare”
implicit memory
long-term memory that we remember unconsciously. (skills & habits)
chunking
organizing information into manageable units for easier recall
mnemonics
memory aids that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
spacing effect
distributed practice yields better retention than massed practice (cramming)
serial position effect
the tendency to recall the first and last items on a list better than the ones in the middle
flashbulb memory
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment
encoding failure
info not stored in memory
