unit 4 : learning Flashcards
habituation
gradually stop responding to a repeated, unchanging stimulus (learn to ignore)
cognitive learning
acquiring knowledge & skills through thought, experience, & sensory input (observing)
classical conditioning
learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response
behaviorism
studies observable behavior & environmental influences
unconditioned stimulus (CS)
stimulus that causes the response without any conditioning
unconditioned response (UR)
naturally occurring response (emotion, reflex)
neutral stimulus (NS)
stimulus that initially does not cause the desired response/behavior
conditioned stimulus (CS)
the previously neutral stimulus now causes the desired response
conditioned response
the response to the previously neutral stimulus
acquisition
the repeated pairing of the NS & US
higher order conditioning (second-order)
a conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus , creating a second (weaker) CS
extinction
the diminishing of a conditioned response
spontaneous recovery
the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
generalization
the tendency that once a response has been conditioned, similar stimuli will elicit similar responses
discrimination
the learned ability to distinguish a conditioned stimulus & stimuli that don’t signal an unconditioned stimulus
operant conditioning
associates actions with consequences. diminishes or strengthens
fixed
after a set or consistent # or time
variable
unpredictable time or #
interval
based on the amount of time that has passed
ratio
based on the # of responses
fixed ratio
every so many
ex: buy 10 coffees, get 1 free
variable ratio
after an unpredictable #
fixed interval
after a certain amount of time
ex: getting a paycheck at the end of 2 weeks
variable interval
unpredictably often, random time
ex: studying for a class that has surprise quizzes
