unit 4 : learning

Question 1

habituation

Answer 1

gradually stop responding to a repeated, unchanging stimulus (learn to ignore)

Question 2

cognitive learning

Answer 2

acquiring knowledge & skills through thought, experience, & sensory input (observing)

Question 3

classical conditioning

Answer 3

learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response

Question 4

behaviorism

Answer 4

studies observable behavior & environmental influences

Question 5

unconditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 5

stimulus that causes the response without any conditioning

Question 6

unconditioned response (UR)

Answer 6

naturally occurring response (emotion, reflex)

Question 7

neutral stimulus (NS)

Answer 7

stimulus that initially does not cause the desired response/behavior

Question 8

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 8

the previously neutral stimulus now causes the desired response

Question 9

conditioned response

Answer 9

the response to the previously neutral stimulus

Question 10

acquisition

Answer 10

the repeated pairing of the NS & US

Question 11

higher order conditioning (second-order)

Answer 11

a conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus , creating a second (weaker) CS

Question 12

extinction

Answer 12

the diminishing of a conditioned response

Question 13

spontaneous recovery

Answer 13

the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Question 14

generalization

Answer 14

the tendency that once a response has been conditioned, similar stimuli will elicit similar responses

Question 15

discrimination

Answer 15

the learned ability to distinguish a conditioned stimulus & stimuli that don’t signal an unconditioned stimulus

Question 16

operant conditioning

Answer 16

associates actions with consequences. diminishes or strengthens

Question 17

fixed

Answer 17

after a set or consistent # or time

Question 18

variable

Answer 18

unpredictable time or #

Question 19

interval

Answer 19

based on the amount of time that has passed

Question 20

ratio

Answer 20

based on the # of responses

Question 21

fixed ratio

Answer 21

every so many
ex: buy 10 coffees, get 1 free

Question 22

variable ratio

Answer 22

after an unpredictable #

Question 23

fixed interval

Answer 23

after a certain amount of time
ex: getting a paycheck at the end of 2 weeks

Question 24

variable interval

Answer 24

unpredictably often, random time
ex: studying for a class that has surprise quizzes