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UCLA Phlebotomy > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Polycythemia

A

A disorder involving the overproduction or red blood cells

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2
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

A disease characterized by excess iron deposits in the tissues. Also called iron overload.

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3
Q

Certificate of completion

A

A document indicating recognition that the student has successfully completed a program or course in a specific, typically technical, area

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4
Q

Licensure

A

The act of granting a license, an official document or permit granted by a state agency that gives legal permission for a person to work in a particular health profession

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5
Q

What’s the difference between certificate of completion and licensure?

A

Certificate or completion simply says you have completed an education program where as a license is a legal document issuing permission to practice

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6
Q

What are the two major divisions in the clinical laboratory?

A

Clinical analysis - specimen processing, hematology, chemistry, microbiology, blood bank/immunohematology, immunology/serology and urinalysis

AND

Anatomical and Surgical Pathology- tissue analysis, cytologic examination, surgical biopsy, frozen sections and performance of autopsies

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7
Q

Chemistry

A

Laboratory department concerned with the detection and measurement of chemical substances in body fluids

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8
Q

Serum

A

Normally a clear pale-yellow fluid that can be separated from a clotted blood specimen and has the same composition as plasma, except that it does not contain fibrinogen (clotting protein found in plasma)

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9
Q

Plasma

A

The top layer of clear liquid used for testing; also the fluid portion of the blood in the living body.

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10
Q

Certification is defined as…

A

Issuance by an official body of a certificate indicating that a person has been evaluated and has met certain requirements

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11
Q

Licensure is defined as…

A

Legal permission, granted by the state department where the phlebotomist will work

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12
Q

Ethics is defined as…

A

Ethics is a moral duty to determine the difference between right and wrong action and then to practice the right action.

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13
Q

The Microbiology department performs the following functions:

A

Analyzes blood, body fluids and tissue for the presence of microorganisms.

Performs antibiotic sensitivity testing, along with culturing (C & S).

Blood cultures testing

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14
Q

The laboratory department that is the largest and highly automated is the….

A

Chemistry

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15
Q

A Urinalysis (UA) test is a routine test that includes the following evaluations…

A

Physical, Chemical and Microscopic

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16
Q

The Hematology department performs the following functions…

A

Performs tests that identify diseases associated with blood and blood-forming tissues

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17
Q

Coagulation department performs the following functions…

A

Performs PT and PTT to monitor Coumadin (warfarin) and heparin therapy

Performs tests to study the ability of blood to form clots and dissolve clots (hemostasis)

Identifies and discovers defects in the blood-clotting mechanism

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18
Q

What does the abbreviation CLSI stand for and what does it develop?

A

CLSI stands for Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute; it develops best practices in clinical and laboratory testing

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19
Q

What does the abbreviation CAP stand for and what does it set for phlebotomy?

A

College of American Pathologists; it sets standards for phlebotomy

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20
Q

What does CLIA stand for and what does it regulate?

A

CLIA stands for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments; regulates all labs, hospitals, clinics and reference laboratories

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21
Q

What does CLIA stand for and what does it regulate?

A

CLIA stands for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments; regulates all labs, hospitals, clinics and reference laboratories

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22
Q

A United States government agency that enforces a safe working condition is known as:

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA)

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23
Q

The Joint Commission provides accreditation to?

A

Hospitals and nursing homes

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24
Q

A United States government agency that enforces a safe working condition is known as:

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA)

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25
Q

The Joint Commission provides accreditation to?

A

Hospitals and nursing homes

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26
Q

Series of events that lead to an infection is known as the:

A

Chain of infection

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27
Q

Enteric isolation is for patients with what type of infection:

A

Intestinal infections

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28
Q

Airborne isolation is used:

A

For patients with infections that spread by droplets that are smaller than 5 micrometers

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29
Q

The purpose of a Protective/Reverse/Neutropenic isolation is to:

A

Protect patients who are highly susceptible to infections

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30
Q

A pre-surgical test to assess capillary integrity and platelet’s adhesive/aggregative capabilities is the:

A

Bleeding Time Test

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31
Q

Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes are also known as:

A

Red blood cells, White blood cells and Platelets

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32
Q

Hemoconcentration is defined as:

A

A condition in which plasma enters tissues resulting in higher than normal concentration of cellular components of blood

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33
Q

What is a nosocomial infection?

A

An infection that is acquired after a person enters a hospital, clinic or nursing home

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34
Q

Disease causing microorganisms are called:

A

Pathogens (Pathogenic)

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35
Q

Arteries are blood vessels that carry:

A

Oxygenated blood away from the heart

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36
Q

Capillaries are:

A

Microscopic, unicellular blood vessels linking arterioles to venules

37
Q

The Superior and Inferior vena cava are:

A

The two largest veins that bring oxygen-poor blood from upper and lower parts of the body

38
Q

The antecubital fossa is defined as:

A

The area of the arm that is anterior and at the bend of the elbow

39
Q

The basilic vein is a:

A

Vein on the inner side of the antecubital area

40
Q

NPO stands for:

A

Nothing By Mouth

41
Q

_______________ is leakage of blood into tissues and is the most common complication of phlebotomy

A

Hematoma

42
Q

The largest artery in the body is:

A

Aorta

43
Q

The largest veins in the body are:

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

44
Q

The upper chambers of the heart are the:

A

Atria

45
Q

The lower chambers of the heart are the:

A

Ventricles

46
Q

The buffy coat contains:

A

WBC and Platelets

47
Q

Another term for Red Blood Cells(RBC) is:

A

Erythrocytes

48
Q

The molecule in the RBC that carries O2 and CO2 is:

A

Hemoglobin

49
Q

QNS stands for:

A

Quantity not sufficient

50
Q

Plasma contains coagulation factors: T/F?

A

True

51
Q

Serum contains coagulation factors: T/F?

A

False

52
Q

Serum is the liquid portion of anticoagulated blood: T/F?

A

False

53
Q

Hematology is the study of:

A

Blood and blood forming tissues

54
Q

The difference between plasma and serum is that:

A

Serum does not contain coagulation factors

55
Q

Which needle gauge has the largest bore or lumen? 18 or 23?

A

18

56
Q

A phlebotomist is collecting a sputum sample from a patient. Which of the following instructions should the technician give the patient?

A

“Breathe deeply and then cough up a specimen into the container.”

57
Q

What are the levels of certification in phlebotomy?

A

Limited Phlebotomy Technician (LPT) - Authorized to do skin puncture blood collection only.

Certified Phlebotomy Technician I (CPT I) - Authorized to do skin puncture and venipuncture blood collection. There are different requirements for applicants with no phlebotomy experience, applicants with less than 1,040 hours of on-the-job phlebotomy experience, and applicants with 1040 or more hours of on-the-job phlebotomy experience in the last 5 years.

Certified Phlebotomy Technician II (CPT II) - Authorized to do skin puncture,venipuncture, and arterial puncture blood collection.

58
Q

Reciprocity

A

One state recognizing the licensure granted by another state

59
Q

What are the continuing education requirements for phlebotomists?

A

Six (6) continuing education units (CEUs) every two (2)years to renew state phlebotomy license

60
Q

Who discovered circulation in the 17th century?

A

William Harvey

61
Q

What are the 2 modern methods of blood collection?

A

venipuncture: collecting blood via a needl inserted in the skin

capillary puncture: blood collection via a lancet puncture of the skin

62
Q

What are the 2 major divisions of the clinical laboratory departments?

A

Clinical analysis - Chemistry, hematology, Coagulation, Serology/immunology, urinalysis, Microbiology, blood bank

Surgical/anatomical pathology - Histology, Cytology

63
Q

What does CAP stand for?

A

College of American Pathologists (CAP)
- sets standards for Phlebotomy
- Provides proficiency testing

64
Q

What is The Joint Commission?

A

Accrediting agency for hospitals and nursing homes
- inspections every 2 years
- Deficiencies must be corrected in specified timeline
- Enforces CLSI standards
- Works with CAP to accredit labs

65
Q

What are a few Chemistry Panels?

A
66
Q

What is CLSI and what do they do?

A

Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute
- Establishes procedural guidelines for all areas of lab
- Gold Standard
- Made up of volunteer representatives from lab profession, industry and government

67
Q

What does CAP stand for?

A

College of American Pathologists (CAP)
- sets standards for Phlebotomy
- Provides proficiency testing

68
Q

What is The Joint Commission?

A

Accrediting agency for hospitals and nursing homes
- inspections every 2 years
- Deficiencies must be corrected in specified timeline
- Enforces CLSI standards
- Works with CAP to accredit labs

69
Q

What is an infection?

A

Invasion of the body with pathogenic (disease causing)
bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, or
parasites

70
Q

What does a Gram Stain do?

A

Tells about the properties of the cell wall and helps to identify the organism

71
Q

In what order should you don PPE?

A

Gown
Mask
Eyes
Gloves

72
Q

In what order should you doff PPE?

A

Gloves
Gown
Eyes
Mask
Wash hands

73
Q

What is the Chain of Infection?

A

Comprised of the several factors needed to create an infection

Break one link will prevent the infection from occuring

74
Q

What is contact isolation?

A

§ For patients with diseases that can
be spread by direct contact

§ All equipment is disposed of in
room or left in it for later use

§ Examples:
- C. difficile
- Resistant bacteria (MRSA)
- Group A strep
- Neisseria meningitides

§ PPE: gloves and gown

75
Q

What is droplet isolation?

A

§ For patients with diseases spread by
droplets that are > 5 micrometers

§ Examples:
- Haemophilus influenzae
meningitis
- Influenza
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Pertussis (Whopping cough)
- Rubella (German Measles)

§ PPE: mask

76
Q

What is airborne isolation?

A

§ For patients with diseases spread by
droplets that are < 5 micrometers

§ Special req: negative pressure room

§ Examples:
- TB (Tuberculosis)
- Measles
- Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
- Varicella (Chickenpox)

§ PPE: n95 or higher level respirator

77
Q

What vaccine must employers provide at no cost to employees?

A

Hep B

78
Q

What is the ration of bleach to water for disinfecting?

A

1:10 bleach to water

79
Q

When should you replace a sharps container?

A

When it is 2/3 full

80
Q

What does CBC stand for?

A

Complete Blood Count

Drawn with a Lavender EDTA tube because Potassium and Sodium EDTA don’t destroy cell morphology

81
Q

What does BMP stand for?

A

Basic Metabolic Profile

Drawn in a Gold or Tiger Top Serum Separator Tube

82
Q

What does C&S stand for?

A

Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)

Test to identify the microorganism and the
antibiotic most effective for treatment

83
Q

Bacteremia

A

Presence of bacteria in the blood

Identified with a blood culture

84
Q

What is a blood culture?

A

Test to identify bacterial infection in the blood

85
Q

Autologous transfusion

A

Patient donates his/her/their own blood for
later use

86
Q

Cross-match

A

Exposure of donor’s blood to patient’s blood to
see if they are compatible

87
Q

What are the 3 veins located in the antecubital fossa in order of preference for venipuncture?

A

Median Cubital vein
- located near the center

Cephalic vein
- located on the lateral aspect of the antecubital fossa

Basilic vein
- located on medial aspect of antecubital fossa
- least desirable due to its proximity to the brachial artery and nerve

88
Q

What is the difference between an occluded vein and a sclerosed vein?

A

Occluded veins are closed or constricted while sclerosed veins have become hardened

UCLA Phlebotomy (6 decks)

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