Week 1 Flashcards
What was Binet’s definition of intelligence?
“Believes main factor is judgement, otherwise called good-sense, practical sense, initiative, the faculty of adapting one’s self to circumstances”
What did Binet’s intelligence test consist of.
Asked whether children could
-Follow a lit match with their eyes
-Shake hands
-Name body parts
-Count coins
-Recall 7 digits
-Define words & identify rhyming words
-Fill in missing words in a sentence
What did Binet’s test record?
Mental age
What did Stanford-Binet test record?
IQ
(Mental age/ chronological age) X 100
What is Spearman’s G (Charles Spearman 1863-1945)
G stands for general intelligence and consists of several factors.
-Reasoning
-Spatial ability
-Memory
-Processing Speed
-Vocabulary
What did Louis Thunderstone (1887-1955) say in response to Spearman’s G
-Even with an underlying intelligence factor. there are 7 primary abilities.
-Verbal comprehension
-Word fluency
-Number facility
-Spatial visualisation
-Associative memory
-Perceptual speed
-Reasoning
Who came up with the idea of fluid and crystallised intelligence
Raymond Cattle (1905-1998)
What is fluid and crystallised intelligence.
Fluid intelligence: ability to perform well on non-verbal tasks not requiring previous knowledge.
Crystallised intelligence: Accumulated knowledge you can recall as needed.
Why is IQ correlated with health and length of life
G is associated with
-Physical fitness
-Low sugar diet
-Low fat diet
-Longevity
What are the four MAIN approaches to personality psychology
-Psychoanalytic
-Trait/Dispositional
-Behavioural and Cognitive
-Humanistic
Psychoanalytic approach to personality psychology
Key assumptions
-Mental life at an unconscious level.
-Unconscious motives explain human behaviour
-Unconscious conflicts affect how a person adjusts to life.
Example
-Unconscious and traumatic childhood experiences may be buried in the unconscious but may affect negatively how an adult relates to people.
-Trait/Dispositional approach to personality psychology.
Key assumptions
-Individuals possess relatively enduring and stable traits that affect how they behave in different situations.
Example
-The “big five” factors of personality, neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness.
Behavioural and Cognitive approach to personality psychology
Key assumptions
-Based on learning theory and the idea that the reinforcement and punishment of behaviour establishes a unique set of behaviours then called personality.
Example
-Rewards in the environment given to a child will establish a set of behaviours that follow the person into adulthood.
Humanistic approach to personality psychology
Key assumptions
-Conscious, subjective experience of the world is important. Each person’s subjective experience is unique. People thrive for fulfilment in life and to understand themselves better.
Example
-Success in a person’s work career may give a sense of fulfilment, happiness, reward, and satisfaction with life.
