WEEK 1 Flashcards
WHO Definition of Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Epidemiology Definition
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in specific populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems
Biostatistics Definition
The application of statistics to biological and medical problems. This is one of the basic sciences of public health, applied in the analysis of vital and health statistics and in the use of statistical tests for associations, correlation, significance levels, etc., in epidemiology, toxicology, environmental health sciences, and all other public health sciences
Health Research
the investigation of health and disease or any of the factors that contribute to the presence or absence of physical, mental, and social health among individuals, families, communities, nations, or the world population
Clinical Research
evaluates the best ways to prevent, diagnose and treat adverse health issues that adversely affect individuals and families
Population health research
focuses on the health outcomes and the determinants of health in groups of humans (populations)
Biological (basic medical) research
looks at changes at human cellular level that can be related to the health outcomes
5 Steps of the Research Process
- Identify a study question
- Select a general study approach
- Design the study and collect data
- Analyze data
- Write and share a report about the findings
Concept Mapping
visual listing of ideas and grouping them to reveal relationships
- brainstorm to generate a list of words or phrases
what does EDP stand for
Exposure, Disease, Population
What is Exposure
a personal characteristic (socioeconomic status), behaviour (smoking), environmental encounter (pollution), or intervention (treatment) that might change the likelihood of developing a health condition
What is Outcome
an observed event such as the presence of disease in a participant in ab observational study or the measured endpoint in an experimental study
What is population
a group of individuals, communities or organizations with identifiable similar characteristics
ex. Individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in London in 2021
what does PICOT stand for. in health research?
- What is the Patient (or Population) group and Problem that will be studied?
- What is the intervention that will be tested?
- What will the intervention be compared to? What is the Control group?
- What is the Outcome of Interest?
- What is the Timeframe for follow up?
4 things that make a question a good research question
1) A real question
2) Testable
3) Generalizable
4) Purposeful
What is a study goal?
single overarching objective of a research project or the main question that a research project seeks to answer
What is the most common number of specific objectives studies have?
3
SMART - a good specific objective
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Relevant
Timely
Sequential vs Independent objectives
Sequential: chronological list of actions that will achieve the main goal
Independent: related but independent objectives. When one objective is not achieved, it will not prevent successfully completion of other objectives
what is a theoretical framework?
a set of established models in the published literature that can inform the components and flows of the conceptual framework for a new research study
Lalondes Model
be first modern government doc in Western context to propose the health field look beyond the biomedical health care system
- Proposed health field = human biology + environment + lifestyle + health care organization
Translational research
bridges basic research and clinical research by applying scientific discoveries to the improvement of clinical outcomes
Step 1: Identifying a Study Question
-Selecting a research question
-Reviewing the literature
-Defining specific aims
-Professional development
-Coauthoring
Risk factor
exposure that increases an individuals likelihood of subsequently experiencing a particular disease or outcome