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Psychotherapy > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which philosopher investigated the role of subliminal perceptions in our daily life?

A) A) Herman von Helmholtz
B) Gustav T. Fechner
C) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
D) Alfred Adler

A

C

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2
Q

Who coined the term “dynamic” to describe the forces that operate in the unconscious?

A) Herman von Helmholtz
B) Gustav T. Fechner
C) Emil Kraepelin
D) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

A

d

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3
Q

Whose theory suggested that tacit ideas struggle with one another for access to consciousness, and attempted to mathematize the passage of memories to and from the conscious and the unconscious?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Jung
C) Alfred Adler
D) Johann Friedrich Herbart

A

D

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4
Q

Which three streams of study in the 19th century laid the foundation for various psychotherapies?

A) Rationalists, empiricists, and behaviorists
B) Systematic, lab-bench empiricists; philosophers of nature; clinician researchers
C) Structuralists, functionalists, and humanists
D) Psychoanalysts, behaviorists, and cognitive psychologists

A

B

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5
Q

Who conducted psychophysics experiments to investigate the distinction between waking and sleeping (dreaming) states, and explored the threshold for ideas to cross from the unconscious to full awareness, which is now referred to as working memory?

A) Herman von Helmholtz
B) Gustav T. Fechner
C) Emil Kraepelin
D) Alfred Adler

A

B

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6
Q

Who discovered the phenomenon of “unconscious inference”?

A) Herman von Helmholtz
B) Gustav T. Fechner
C) Emil Kraepelin
D) Alfred Adler

A

A

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7
Q

How did Hermann von Helmholtz describe the phenomenon of “unconscious inference”?

A) It is the unconscious process of forming conclusions based on logical reasoning.
B) It is the unconscious act of making judgments without conscious awareness.
C) It is the unconscious reconstruction of what our past experiences have taught us about an object.
D) It is the unconscious interpretation of sensory information to create perceptions.

A

d

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8
Q

Who played a significant role in shifting the focus to psycho-philosophical clinicians and laid the foundation for the DSM by classifying, describing, and schematizing the course of mental illnesses?

A) Herman von Helmholtz
B) Gustav T. Fechner
C) Emil Kraepelin
D) Alfred Adler

A

C

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9
Q

Which philosopher proposed that humans possess knowledge of which they are unaware and that our behavior is predominantly guided by irrational forces? Additionally, this philosopher advocated for a pansexual view on human sexuality.

A) Friedrich Nietzsche
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Arthur Schopenhauer
D) Wilhelm Reich

A

b

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10
Q

Who described therapist transference, which refers to the continuous nonverbal and organic communication between the conscious and unconscious of the therapist and the patient?

A) Friedrich Nietzsche
B) Carl Gustav Carus
C) Arthur Schopenhauer
D) Wilhelm Reich

A

d

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11
Q

Who developed notions on self-deception, sublimation, repression, conscience, and “neurotic” guilt? This philosopher proposed various defense mechanisms that humans employ to maintain their self-image and asserted that individuals often deceive themselves more than they deceive others.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Jung
C) Friedrich Nietzsche
D) Alfred Adler

A

C

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12
Q

Who was the clinician known for developing the concept of seeking out and clinically purging pathogenic secrets in psychotherapy?
A) Moritz Benedikt
B) Carl Rogers
C) Viktor Frankl
D) Karen Horney

A

d

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13
Q

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon of having neural plasticity throughout our lives, particularly during childhood?

A) Neurogenesis
B) Neoteny
C) Neuroplasticity
D) Neuronal pruning

A

B

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14
Q

What is the term used to describe the complex interplay of external and internal variables that can influence therapeutic credibility and are beyond the control of the clinician?

A) Contextual determinants
B) Stochastic interferences
C) Exogenous factors
D) Context-dependent stochastologicals

A

D

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15
Q

What does the term “manualization of therapy” refer to?

A) The process of creating a treatment manual for a specific therapy approach
B) The use of manual tools and equipment during therapy sessions
C) The application of algorithms to determine therapy outcomes
D) The adaptation of therapy techniques based on individual client needs

A

A

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16
Q

Which treatment for bulimia nervosa is NOT supported by evidence and shows a decline in effects during follow-up?

A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
B) Interpersonal therapy
C) Drug treatments
D) Mindfulness-based therapy

A

C

17
Q

Which treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is NOT supported by evidence?

A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) - combination of imaginal exposure and relaxation techniques
B) Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
C) Structured psychodynamic treatments
D) Experiential therapy

A

D

18
Q

Which treatment approach for anorexia nervosa does NOT show better outcomes compared to outpatient treatments?

A) Cognitive-analytic therapy
B) Psychodynamic therapies
C) Family therapy
D) Inpatient treatments

A

D

19
Q

What is the term used to describe the tendency for researchers to “find” results that align with their own beliefs, expectations, or preferences?

A) Confirmation bias
B) Researcher bias
C) Allegiance bias
D) Expectancy effect

A

C

20
Q

How is the “dodo bird verdict” explained within the framework of a “common factors” approach to counseling?

A) By asserting that therapeutic change is primarily influenced by specific techniques and practices unique to each therapeutic approach
B) By suggesting that therapeutic change is dependent on the expertise and skills of the individual therapist
C) By highlighting the importance of evidence-based interventions in achieving positive outcomes
D) By proposing that therapeutic change is primarily driven by non-specific factors shared by all therapies

A

D

21
Q

Which factors account for approximately 85% of the variance in therapeutic outcomes, according to research?

A) Specific therapeutic techniques and interventions
B) Therapist expertise and training
C) Client factors, relationship variables, and expectancy/hope
D) Treatment duration and frequency

A

C

22
Q

What is the focus of researchers studying aptitude-treatment interactions (ATIs)?

A) Investigating the efficacy of specific therapeutic techniques
B) Identifying the most effective treatment approaches for specific disorders
C) Exploring the impact of patient characteristics on treatment outcomes
D) Assessing the effectiveness of therapist-client relationships

A

C

Psychotherapy (7 decks)

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