Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Main ingredients of science

A
  • Theory: formalized explanations of phenomena
  • Expectations: hypotheses about what we expect to observe
  • Studies: experiments, surveys, case studies, etc.
  • Observations: data stemming for studies
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2
Q

Logics of scientific reasoning

A
  • Inductive reasoning
  • Deductive reasoning
  • Abductive reasoning
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3
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

give a series of observations, you can derive an explanation/generalization that is probably true.
- From specific to general.
- Theory-building

Example: when you see a pond with white swans (observation) and therefore you conclude that probably all swans are white (generalization)

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4
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

based on premises that are true, you can logically come to a conclusion that is true
- From general to specific.
- Theory-testing

Example: all men are mortal, socrates is a men, therfore socrates is mortal

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5
Q

Abductive reasoning

A

based on interactions between observations and theories, you come to a likely explanation for what you see
- From interactions between specific and general.
- Theory building or modification

Example: when your engine will not start and there are different theories that can explain this

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6
Q

Scientific argumentation logics

A
  • Induction: observe reality and generalize
  • Deduction: logically construct propositions/hypothesis
  • Abduction: conceive new ideas or hunches
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7
Q

Research cycle

A
  • Managerial problem
  • Knowledge question
  • Review of evidence
  • Research design
  • Data collection
  • Data analysis
  • Research outcomes
  • Recommendation to management
    in all steps: critical reflection
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8
Q

4 types of knowledge questions

A
  • Descriptive knowledge
  • Explanatory knowledge
  • Predictive knowledge
  • Prescriptive knowledge
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9
Q

Research design

A
  • Plans for data collection
  • Plans for data analysis
  • Threats to validity and how to deal with those
  • Time plan/project plan
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10
Q

Elements of a discussion

A
  • Conclusion
  • Contribution to theory
  • Contribution to practice
  • Limitations
  • Suggestions for future research
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11
Q

CIMO statement

A

From this research we learn that in Context C, if you do Intervention I, the Mechanism M will help to achieve Outcome O.

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12
Q

Simulated data

A

you create a model that can be manipulated logically to determine how the ‘real’ physical world works

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13
Q

Empirical data

A

can be historical or real-time, but cannot provide you with future records, for future simulated

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14
Q

Theory building

A

output of this are theoretical propositions that explain a certain phenomenon or process

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15
Q

Theory testing

A

output of this is ‘evidence’ and quantifications of relationships between established variables

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