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NRSG 228 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Community?

A

A group, population, or cluster of people who live, work and play in an environment at a given time

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2
Q

What does a community share?

A

At least 1 common characteristic (location, ethnicity, or occupation) or common values/concerns

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3
Q

Society

A

The systems that incorporate the social, political, economic, and cultural infrastructure to address issues of concern

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4
Q

Population

A

A large group of people who have at least 1 characteristic in common and reside in a community

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5
Q

Group or Aggregate

A

Groups within a population (ex youth with diabetes)

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6
Q

Family

A

2 or more individuals who depend on each other for emotional, physical or financial support

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7
Q

Individual

A

1 human being

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8
Q

What does a Healthy Community look like? (13 things)

A
  1. Clean, safe environment
  2. Conservation of nature and resources
  3. affordable, adequate access to food, water, housing, recreation, transportation
  4. opportunities for education and skill development
  5. robust economy, low unemployment
  6. peace and low crime rates
  7. supportive family and work life
  8. strong sense of community belonging
  9. strong culture, heritage, spiritual beliefs
  10. equity, social justice, diversity
  11. Citizen participation in decision making
  12. committed leadership
  13. healthy public policy
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9
Q

What is Canada’s Health Act?

A

A federal legislation that puts in place conditions by which individual provinces and territories in Canada may receive funding for health services

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10
Q

What are the 5 main principals of CHA?

A
  1. Universality
  2. Comprehensiveness
  3. Public administration
  4. Accessibility
  5. Portability
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11
Q

What does the umbrella of care do under health Canada? Why was it established?

A

Provides a safeguard of care through surveillance, prevention, legislation and research

  • formed in 2004 in response to the SARS (a resp illness) that dominated in Ontario
  • SARS = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
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12
Q

What falls under the Umbrella of Care?

A

PHAC - Public Health Agency of Canada
CIHR - Canadian Institute of Health Research
HPFB - Health Products and Food Branch
HECSB - Healthy Environment and Consumer Safety Branch
FNIHB - First Nations and Inuit Health Branch

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13
Q

what functions are part of a healthy community?

A
  1. Space and infrastructure
  2. Employment and income
  3. Security, Protection and Law
  4. Socialization and Networking
  5. Links to other Communities
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14
Q

What are dynamics of a healthy community?

A
  1. Communication
  2. Leadership
  3. Decision Making
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15
Q

What are social determinants?

A
  • land
  • environment
  • gender
  • control of resources
  • income
  • colonization
  • language
  • justice
  • self determination
  • racism
  • housing
  • family
  • ECE
  • culture
  • school
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16
Q

What are the 3 ways to advance health equity?

A
  1. Improve conditions of daily life (where born, how one is growing up, living, working, and aging)
  2. Tackle inequitable distribution of money, power, and resources
  3. Measure the problem, evaluate action, expand knowledge base, and develop a work force that can deal with social determinants of health
17
Q

Why was Canada’s Health Act introduced and when was it enacted? List the 5 principles of this Act.

A

Enacted in 1984, this act was enacted in order to create a more equitable national health care system for all canadians. Comprised of the 5 principles universality, accessibility, comprehensiveness of service, portability, and public administration

18
Q

What does PHAC stand for, when was it established and why

A

The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) was established in 2004 following the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003.

19
Q

Who leads this PHAC agency, and what is the process of communication across Canada from this leader

A

It is led by the chief public health officer. The communication provides collaborative opportunities between the federal government and the provinces and territories. The chief public officer communicates important public health issues in an annual report and provides national health advisories and recommendations for issues such as COVID19

20
Q

Public Health Officer

A

Theresa Tam

21
Q

Provincial Public Health Officer

A

Bonnie Henry

22
Q

Differences in the funding for community health vs the rest of the healthcare system?

A

Community health funding goes into a broader range of different services (home care, vaccines, drug crisis resources, food support etc) whereas the rest of the healthcare system is using the money for similar reasons. CHNs are also drastically under-represented in the healthcare field with only 16% of Canadians nurses being CHNs, leaving the majority of the money to go to other aspects of the healthcare system.

23
Q

Why doesn’t more money spent on healthcare = better health?

A

As inflation increases and more money can be spent on healthcare, we continue to try to fix the problem at a surface level with a top down approach rather than trying to find the underlying root of the problem and build change from the ground up. We can use all the money we want on healthcare, but unless we choose to help those with lower incomes succeed, the increasing population living lower income will continue to burden the healthcare system.

24
Q

1

A

1

25
Q

Indigenous determinants of health focus on multiple DOH and add these additional determinants. Name the additional determinants.

A

Colonialism, geography, land and environmental rights, and policies for their impacts on the health of Indigenous peoples in Canada

26
Q

Define the term health inequities.

A

Differences in determinants of health and health status within or between groups are shown to be systematic and avoidable, they are unfair

27
Q

What is social justice

A
  • fair distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities and their consequences.
  • focuses on the position of one social group in relation to others in society as well as on the root causes of disparities and what can be done to eliminate them
28
Q

Primary Care

A

Primary care refers to the first contact between individuals and the health care system. It usually relates to the curative treatment of disease, rehabilitation, and preventative measures such as immunization, smoking cessation, and dietary changes

29
Q

Primary Health Care

A
  • comprehensive care that includes disease prevention, community development, a wide spectrum of services and programs, working in interprofessional teams, and intersectional collaboration for healthy public policy.
  • Seeks to address issues of ethics, social justice and equity
30
Q

Why is Primary Health Care especially relevant for CHNs?

A

community service
considers determinants of health
health promotion, disease prevention, and protection
therapeutic, curative, and rehabilitative care
coordination and interprofessional collaboration focuses on the patient as an equal partner in health

31
Q

Upstream

A

Upstream: looks beyond the individual to take a macroscopic, big-picture population focus. It also includes a primary prevention perspective and is a population health approach. At this level, the CHN ask, “How can we change the causes of the causes or the conditions that set up the conditions for the illness or injury”

32
Q

Midstream

A

Midstream: Addresses the micropolicy level; regional, local, community, or organizational. At this level, CHNs ask “How can we change the causes the of the illness or injury’

33
Q

Downstream

A

Downstream: Refers to taking an individual curative focus, a view that does not consider economic, sociopolitical, and environmental factors. At this level, CHNs ask, “how can the illness and its consequences be treated?”

34
Q

Primary Prevention

A

Primary Prevention: A CHN provides an influenza vaccination program in a retirement community (preventing occurrence of disease)

35
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

Secondary Prevention: A CHN organizes an infant and child car seat safety screening program for a group of parents in a low-income housing complex (detecting disease early in its pathogenesis)

36
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

Tertiary Prevention: A CHN provides education to individuals and families in a community who are coping with the effects of brain injury (once the has become obvious)

37
Q

PHNs focus

A

Focus on number of specific populations and activities
Wide opportunity for many different roles

38
Q

HHNs focus

A

Assess the patients health concerns as well as the services that are available in order to plan the most appropriate course of action
Educate and inform patient

39
Q

HHNs focus

A

Assess the patients health concerns as well as the services that are available in order to plan the most appropriate course of action
Educate and inform patient

NRSG 228 (10 decks)

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