ALL WEEKLY QUESTIONS Flashcards
Why was Canada’s Health Act introduced and when was it enacted? List the 5 principles of this Act.
Enacted in 1984, this act was enacted in order to create a more equitable national health care system for all canadians. Comprised of the 5 principles universality, accessibility, comprehensiveness of service, portability, and public administration
What does PHAC stand for, when was it established and why?
The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) was established in 2004 following the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. It was established in order to revitalize and support sustainability of the Canadian public health system
Who leads this agency, and what is the process of communication across Canada from this leader? Provide names for the present Federal Chief Public Health Officer and the Provincial (BC) Public Health Officer.
It is led by the chief public health officer. The communication provides collaborative opportunities between the federal government and the provinces and territories. The chief public officer communicates important public health issues in an annual report and provides national health advisories and recommendations for issues such as COVID19
Chief public health officer: Theresa Tam
Provincial public health officer: Bonnie Henry
Contrast the funding for Community Health (public and home health) with the rest of the healthcare system (consider the percentage of CHNs in the system).
Community health funding goes into a broader range of different services (home care, vaccines, drug crisis resources, food support etc) whereas the rest of the healthcare system is using the money for similar reasons. CHNs are also drastically under-represented in the healthcare field with only 16% of Canadians nurses being CHNs, leaving the majority of the money to go to other aspects of the healthcare system.
The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Commission on Social Determinants of Health has determined three principles of action to advance health equity. Name these.
Improve the conditions of daily life
Tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources - the structural drivers of those conditions of daily life (globally, nationally, and locally)
Measure the problem, evaluate action, expand the knowledge base, develop a workforce trained in the social determinants of health, and raise public awareness about the social determinants of health
Define the term health inequities.
Differences in determinants of health and health status within or between groups are shown to be systematic and avoidable, they are unfair
What is social justice? When CHNs observe/notice injustice how should they move forward in their work?
Social justice is the fair distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities and their consequences. It focuses on the relative position of one social group in relation to others in society as well as on the root causes of disparities and what can be done to eliminate them. When a CHN notices injustice they take action to eliminate them.
What is social justice? When CHNs observe/notice injustice how should they move forward in their work?
Social justice is the fair distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities and their consequences. It focuses on the relative position of one social group in relation to others in society as well as on the root causes of disparities and what can be done to eliminate them. When a CHN notices injustice they take action to eliminate them.
Understand the difference between Primary Health Care and Primary Care.
Primary care refers to the first contact between individuals and the health care system. It usually relates to the curative treatment of disease, rehabilitation, and preventative measures such as immunization, smoking cessation, and dietary changes
Primary health care is comprehensive care that includes disease prevention, community development, a wide spectrum of services and programs, working in interprofessional teams, and intersectional collaboration for healthy public policy. Seeks to address issues of ethics, social justice and equity
Why is Primary Health Care especially relevant for CHNs?
It provides essential health services in the community
It considers the determinants of health
It focuses on health promotion, disease prevention, and protection
It includes therapeutic, curative, and rehabilitative care
It promotes coordination and interprofessional collaboration
It focuses on the patient as an equal partner in health with health care providers
Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) have a significant impact on the health of populations and individuals. What is the CNA belief regarding the health system, health outcomes and the SDOH?
Believes nurses have a professional and ethical responsibility to promote health equity through action on the SDOH
Recognizes the important, but limited influence the health system has on health outcomes and we therefore acknowledge that addressing the social determinants of health needs to be a priority
What does the CNA list as a key tool for prioritizing SDOH? How does the CNA suggest breaking the long-existing organizational silos?
Intersectional collaboration is the key tool for prioritizing the SDOH
Break long existing organizational silos by engaging with external stakeholders, such as interest groups, elected officials, municipal and provincial government staff, as well as health care service providers to bring equity to the forefront of the policy agenda
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion presented action meant to achieve Health for All by 2000 and beyond. Although this international conference occurred in 1986, its targets are still relevant for world health today. What does Health Promotion Action mean? (5 points). These items are relevant when we review the Population Health Promotion Model (p.4), still used today.
Build healthy public policy
Create supportive environments
Strengthen community action
Develop personal skills
Reorient health services
D. Raphael discusses the barrage of lifestyle messaging in the world today, which is likely even more profound with increased social technology. What do Canadians lack in understanding or awareness, partly due to this messaging?
Canadians have limited awareness of the important role social determinants of health such as income, employment, and working conditions play in determining health
D Raphael discusses the focus of his written work (volume) as addressing two daunting tasks. Name these two tasks. How could Community Health Nurses (or any health worker) assist with these tasks (critical thinking)?
(1) to advance the understanding Canadians hold concerning the social determinants of health;
(2) to provide support for efforts to improve the quality and equitable distribution of the social determinants of health through the development of health-promoting public policies.
There have been many health improvements in industrial nations, including Canada since 1900. Although many hypotheses have listed medical advances and improvements in behavior as factors, most analysts find that these health improvements are due to __________________.
due to the improving material conditions of everyday life experienced by Canadians since 1900
Community Health Nurses work in more varied areas of practice than ever before. How has the growing focus on determinants of health changed the role of a CHN?
Has grown to include nontraditional specialities including NPs, and nurse entrepreneurs
Also employed as community leaders in nongovernmental organizations such as community support organizations for disability, housing and addiction services
Employed in correctional, forensic and urban street setting, as well as schools, rural, and remote
Reflect on your understanding of self-management in terms of older adults and how self-management may be of benefit to this population.
With community health nursing, you are not in the traditional bedside setting with lists and cues to keep you on track. In community you can be working in other peoples homes, different facilities, across communities etc. This means that time-management is crucial to ensure everyone is scared to in a timely manner
What is risk communication? Give an example.
A strategic health education intervention that involves exchanging information on the potential harm of health or environmental hazards to risk assessors and managers, the general public, news media, social media, and interest groups
Why is it important for CHNs to understand steps of the referral process and discharge planning? Take your understanding further…Why is it important for any working nurse to understand the work of a CHN in a community setting?
The systematic process of directing a patient to another source of assistance when the patient or CHN is unable to address the patient’s issue
Hospital discharge planning frequently requires referral to community services, therefore CHNs need to be familiar
Which type of CHN is increasing the most rapidly and why is this happening?
HHN due to:
Increased government or organizational demands for cost-effectiveness of services
Consumer preferences
Technological advances such as personal-digital-assistant software for monitoring changes in condition
Proven quality of service of HHN
Aging canadian population
Home Health Nurses (HHN) provide a variety of care in a variety of settings, however, what is the primary objective of a HHN?
The primary objective of a HHN is to provide care in the home of the patient care is intended for
What is the difference between hospice and hospice care?
Hospice is a designated place where health care is provided to terminally ill persons
Hospice care refers to the delivery of palliative care of the very ill and dying, offering both respite and comfort
In your own words and understanding - Describe the difference between a Home Health Nurse and a Public Health Nurse (PHN).
Public health nurse is in the community where they work in clinics, community centers etc while a home health nurse comes to people’s homes and cares for them in their own home, out of the community public settings
