Week 1 Flashcards
Primary Prevention
Preventing disease before it develops
Secondary Prevention
Attempts to detect disease early and intervene early
Tertiary Prevention
Managing established disease and preventing further complications
Areas of improvement for Healthy People 2020
- Global health
- healthcare associated infections
- Preparedness
- Health-related quality of life and well-being
- Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
- Genomics
- LGBT health
- Adolescent health
- Blood disorders and safety
- Early and middle childhood health
- Older adults
- Sleep Health
- Social determinants of health
Epidemiology
The study of disease distribution within populations and risk factors that affect increases or decreases in distributions. Include:
- genetic
- environmental
- social
- cultural
- based on direct action by the individual
Allows us to look at the “why” of the disease and then analyze these factors for recommendations in screening, treatment, prevention, and monitoring.
the science of public health
Determinants of Health Outcomes
- Medical Care
- Public Health interventions
- Social Environment
- Physical Environment
- Genetics
- Individual behavior
Social determinants of health
- Income
- Education
- Employment
- Social Support
- Culture
Physical Determinants of Health
- Housing
- Air quality
- Water quality
stage of susceptibility
Time prior to development of disease
Incidence rate
The occurrence of new events in a population over a period of time relative to the size of the population at risk. provides information about the rate at which new cases occur and is a measure of risk. Provide us with a direct measure of how often new cases occur within a particular population and provide some basis on which to assess risk.
Prevalence rate
the number of all cases of a specific disease or attribute in a population at a given point in time relative to the size of the population at risk. Tells you what the burden is at a specific point in time.
Health impact assessment
Assessment of potential health effects, positive or negative, of a particular intervention on a population. Can evaluate interventions prior to implementation and provide recommendations on how they can potentially impact the health of the population positively/negatively.
Attributable risk (AR)
The amount of risk that can be attributed to exposure. A proportion of the total population
Relative risk reduction (RRR)
example: what percentage of MVAs would be reduced if we eliminated texting while driving.
Outcome
end result that follows an intervention
Morbidity
Departure from status of well-being. Includes disease, injury, and disability within a population.
Aggregate
Subpopulation. For example, if the study looked at all immigrants within a city, they are the aggregate.
Population Health
Focus of care at aggregate and community levels and examination of environmental, occupational, cultural, and socioeconomic dimensions of health.
High-risk
Increased chance of poor health outcome
Mortality
Related to the tracking of deaths within an aggregate.
Prevalence
All individuals living with the condition at a specific time
Surveillance
Systematic evaluation of health data to determine planning, implementation and evaluation of health interventions.
Data
Compiled information
Community
Composed of multiple aggregates.
Incidence
Occurrence of new cases of the disease
Social Justice
The concept of fairness in relations between individuals in society and equal access to wealth, opportunities, and social privileges.
Vital Statistics
Vital statistics provide insight into important trends in health, including the impact of changes in the incidence of nonmedically indicated cesarean deliveries and preterm birth, chronic conditions, progress on reducing deaths due to motor vehicle accidents, and the evolving challenge of substance abuse. Include birth and death records.
Risk analysis
Epidemiology studies that contribute to human risk assessment by identifying hazards, by assessing human exposures to toxicants, and by establishing exposure response that can then be used to generate risk assessments.
Campaign for Action
Working toward an America in which everyone can live a healthier life, advanced by equity-minded nurses as essential and valued partners in providing care and promoting health equity and well-being.
- improving health equity
- building healthier communities
- increasing diversity in nursing
- improving access to care
- promoting nursing leadership
- transforming nursing education
- collecting workforce data
- fostering interprofessional collaboration
Robert Wood Foundation and Institute of Medicine
Interprofessional Collaboration
occurs when 2 or more professions work together to achieve common goals and is often used as a means for solving a variety of problems and complex issues.
Goals of Healthy People 2020
• Improve quality of life, free of preventable disease
and premature death.
• Achieve health equity and eliminate disparities.
• Create healthy social and physical environments
• Promote quality of life, health development and
health behaviors
