week 1 Flashcards
Criticism of personality/ personality tests
- does not do justice to situational factors (fundamental attribution error)
- describe but does not explain
- score can change
- labels people, becomes self-fulfilling prophecy
Static psychology
(old way)
What/who am I?
-Talent, Intelligence and IQ, Mental disorders, Failure-success, winner-loser, character, personality,
Fluid psychology
(new way)
What can/should I do?
-Motivation, effort, practice, learning skills, problems, adjustment, change, creativity, enjoyment, options and choice, interaction with others, acceptance, flow, hope
The Rosenhan Experiment -
sane/insane. fake patients were sent to psychologists who sent them to mental institutions where they were admitted and stayed for +-20 days without anyone ever realising they were not real patients
personality: (definition)
the psychological traits that give continuity to an individual’s behaviour in different situations and different moments
Hippocrates and Galenus’ types of temperament
invalid theory
the result of dominant influence of body fluid
- sanguine (blood) - energetic and fiery
- Choleric (yellow bile) - easily irritated and angry
- melancholic (black bile) - introvert, prone to depression
- Phlegmatic (phlegm) - calm, unemotional
^theory is incorrect
temperament:
refers to the biology, speed and intensity of emotional responses
Kretcschmers theory of body typology
- Leptosome (skinny, tall, long limbs) - intellectual; prone to schizophrenia
- Athletic (narrow waist; broad shoulders) - high confidence; assertive; reliable
- Pyknic (heavy set, short neck) - friendly; sociable; enjoys having a good time
^also discredited
Astrology
another non-scientific explanation for behaviour
Belbin’s team roles -
roles that need to be occupied within a team.
Contractor, creator, contributor, completer, critic, cooperator, communicator, calibrator, consul, coordinator
Psychodynamic Approach Sigmund Freud
personality according to freud:
Ego- Defense mechanism - fuelled by the Id
Superego- conscience(sense of good and bad)
Id (two urges) - Eros, Thanatos - everything we do is frustrated sexual desire (eros). Thanatos is our death wish
^discredited
criticism of freuds theory
- vague concepts
- can not be proven or disproven
- focus on the past, not the future
- focus on men; little thought about women (penis envy?)
- describes; does not explain or predict
lasting contribution of freud
- emphasis on unconscious processes
- importance of sexuality in guiding human behaviour
- many useful psychological insights (projection; transference…)
- freudian vocabulary is very much alive (libido; phalic symbol; anal behaviour; oral obsession…)
Rorschan Ink Blot projection test -
provide client with different pictures/blots and draw conclusions from the answers
^also invalid
Trait-approach
specific patterns of thinking, feelings and acting
trait= characteristic; personal feature
Trait is binary
- friendly 5 4 3 2 1 unfriendly
