Week 1 Flashcards
What is aromatic pressure?
The amount of pressure on you at any one time.
Why do you feel more pressure when you are underwater?
Water is denser than air.
What stays constant and what gases in gases when you change environments?
The concentration of gases will never change, but the partial pressure of gases will.
What gas makes up the majority of the air we breath?
Nitrogen
What does Dalton’s Law give you?
Dalton Law gives you partial pressure. (% concentration x total pressure of gas mixture).
What does Charle’s Law deal with. What is the type of relationship?
Volume and Temperature (division). Inverse relationship.
What does Boyle’s Law deal with. What is the type of relationship?
Pressure and Volume
Proportional relationship.
What are the STP conditions?
1 atm
273 K
What influences the rate of gas diffusion?
- Pressure differential
- Solubility
Why is there greater pressure gradient of oxygen when the body is in exercise?
Muscles need more oxygen and at a faster rate so there is greater transport.
What are the 2 ways oxygen is transported?
- By hemoglobin (majority)
- Dissolved in plasma
How many grams of hemoglobin do males have in their body per 100 mL of blood?
15-16g per 100 mL of blood.
At what partial pressure does hemoglobin let go of oxygen so it can be transported into tissues?
40 mmHg
Why does Hb not let go if oxygen at 100mmHg?
Because it has a greater affinity for oxygen and wants to hold onto it.
What is the Bohr effect and why is it beneficial?
The oxyhemoglobin curve shifts down and to the right. This is beneficial because HB decreases its affinity and oxygen is off-loaded - so working muscle cells can get it faster.
What initiates the Bohr Effect?
- increase in temperature
- increase in acidity (more H ions)
- increase in CO2
- increase in 2,3-DPG
How does 2,2 DPG affect Hb?
- binds loosely to Hb so it decreases its affinity for the oxygen.
What kicks in during extreme and heavy exercise?
Myoglobin- it can bind and store oxygen better than Hb but its used as a last resort because its in the muscles. Means you have run out of all the oxygen in your blood.
How does CO2 gradient compare to O2 gradient?
CO2 gradient is small and the PP do not change as significantly as oxygen do.
How is the majority of CO2 transported?
As bicarbonate.
What does the bicarbonate ions also able to do by transporting CO2?
They are also able to buffer metabolic acids. Why? hydrogen ions can be used.
Why is hyperventilation bad for you?
Hyperventilation is bad for you because while you release more CO2 , by decreasing its PP vasoconstriction of the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain occurs.
During quick anaerobic/glycolytic workouts what do some athletes choose to use to be able to work harder?
They supplement with baking soda because this buffers the supply of H ions is able to buffer the blood and keep at its liked pH.
