week 1

Question 1

key figure and primary thinker in this area of psychology of grief

Answer 1

British psychiatrist John Bowlby

Question 2

Bowlby’s attachment theory

Answer 2

to create a strong affectional bond with others and a way to understand the strong emotional reaction that occurs when those bonds are threatened or broken

(tendency in humans/animals to make strong affectionate bonds with each other fulfills the need of safety and security)

Question 3

At what point does Bowlby point out about attachment?

Answer 3

attachment occurs in the absence of the reinforcement of these biogenic needs

Question 4

bowlbys thesis

Answer 4

is that these attachments come from a need for security and safety; they develop early in life and are usually directed toward a few specific individuals and tend to endure through out a large part of the life cycle

Question 5

what does bowlby suggest about children’s parents

Answer 5

that they provide the secure base of operation from which to explore

Question 6

George Engel (1961) thesis

Answer 6

is that the loss of a loved one pis psychologically traumatic to the same extent that being severely wounded or burned is physiologically traumatic.

Question 7

What is happening before restoration of function takes place

Answer 7

mourning

Question 8

normal grief is also referred to

-who helped with the earliest attempts to look at normal grief reactions

Answer 8

uncomplicated grief;
a broad range of feelings and behaviors that are common after a loss
-Erich lindermann (1944)

Question 9

5 criteria of grief syndrome (6)

Answer 9

1. somatic or bodily distress of some type
2. preoccupation with the image of the deceased
3. guilt relating to the deceased or circumstances of death
4. hostile reactions
5. inability to function as one had before the loss
6. appeared to develop traits of the deceased in their own behavior

Question 10

4 categories related to normal grief regarding behaviors

Dr. J William worden

Answer 10

1. feelings
2. physical sensations
3. cognitions
4. behaviors

Question 11

What is the most common feeling

Answer 11

• sadness
• not manifested by crying behavior, but often is.
• crying is a signal that evokes a sympathetic and protective reaction from others and establishes a social situation in which normal laws of competitive behavior are suspended
• some mourners have fear of sadness, “fear of its intensity”

Question 12

emotion that is frequently experienced after a loss

Answer 12

anger

• one of most confusing feelings for survivor and is root of many problems in grieving process
• can lead to complicated mourning
• one of riskiest
• maladaptations of anger is the posture of turning the anger inward against the self; could develop into suicidal behavior
• anger outwards is known as blame

Question 13

guilt or self reproach

Answer 13

guilt is manifested over something that happened or something that was neglected around the time of the death, something that may have prevented the loss.
-guilt is irrational

Question 14

-can range from a light sense of insecurity to a strong panic attack, and the more intense and persistent, the more it suggests an abnormal grief reaction

Answer 14

anxiety

• 2 sources
• fear the survivor will not be able to take care of themselves on their own
• heightened sense of personal death awareness

Question 15

feeling frequently expressed by survivors (8)

Answer 15

1. loneliness
   - particularly by widows.
2. fatigue
3. helplessness
   - caused by stress
4. shock
   - occurs in sudden death
5. yearning ; to be reunited with the deceased
6. emancipation
   - positive feeling after death
7. relief ; occur with families with long term illness
8. numbness
   - lack of feelings

Question 16

physical sensations experienced by people who are grieving (9)

Answer 16

1. hollowness in stomach
2. tightness in chest
3. tightness in throat
4. oversensitivity to noise
5. sense of depersonalization
6. breathlessness, feeling short of breath
7. weakness in the muscles
8. lack of energy
9. dry mouth

Question 17

cognitions

-certain thoughts are common in the early stages of grieving and usually disappear after a short time (5)

Answer 17

1. disbelief
2. confusion
3. preoccupation
4. sense of presence
5. hallucinations
   - visual and auditory type

Question 18

behaviors

-range from sleep and appetite disturbances to absentmindedness and social withdrawl (12)

Answer 18

1. sleep disturbances
2. appetite disturbances
3. absentminded behavior
4. social withdrawal
5. dreams of deceased
6. avoiding reminders of the deceased
7. searching and calling out
8. sighing
9. restless hyperactivity
10. crying
11. visiting places or carrying objects that remind the survivor of the deceased
12. treasuring objects that belonged to the deceased

Question 19

1. Grief and depression
   - criteria for diagnosing depression
   - treating depression
2. melancholia

Answer 19

1. a mood or emotional marked by feeling of low self worth or guilt and reduced ability to enjoy life
   - people take notice of mood; decrease of interest or activity level; eating or weight; sleeping patterns ; those aspect have to be seen or observed for 2 weeks or more; effect of self worth**
   - talk based therapy and medication
2. a pathological form of grief and is very much like mourning (normal grief) except that it has a certain characteristic feature of its own; namely, angry impulses toward the ambivalently loved person turned inward

Question 20

the study of behavior and mental processes in humans and animals

Answer 20

psychology

Question 21

predicts how a person will behave

Answer 21

empirically

Question 22

operation of the mind in total (thoughts, memories, dreams, rationale, etc)

Answer 22

cognitive process

Question 23

goals of psychology

Answer 23

1. explain behavior and thought
2. predict behavior and thought
3. influence behavior and thought

Question 24

individual who is trained in working with people with mental disorders and emotional problems
-masters level

Answer 24

therapist

Question 25

person who gives advice based on sme

-no degree but what kind of skills can they bring

Answer 25

counselor

Question 26

they are professional who works with different methodologies providing services to a group of individuals; economic, physical, mental and social areas

Answer 26

social worker

Question 27

Edward Martin in 1952 wrote a book

Answer 27

“the psychology of funeral service”

• only by having a diverse educational background can a funeral director behind to understand the people they serve
• grief stricken people must be handled delicately and by having a sound psychological background a funeral directors success is greatly increased.

Question 28

where does the funeral director fit into grief counseling?

Answer 28

1. seen as expert on death and dying
2. death of a loved one is stressful event and FDs have a way of assisting in navigating this difficult time
3. FDs are expected to be able to talk about grief to the community

Question 29

purpose and value of the funeral

Answer 29

1. provides ceremonies that give expression to feelings
2. provides the framework for group support
3. encourages the expression of feelings
4. funeral provides values to live by

Question 30

The helping process

Answer 30

phase 1; the family and FD enter into a helping relationship
phase 2; building of a helping relationship
phase 3; explorations and assistance with the family understanding their alternatives
phase 4; consolidation and planning
phase 5; implementation and action
phase 6; conclusion of the funeral process
phase 7; post funeral follow up

Question 31

• emotion or group of emotions caused by a loss

- internal

Answer 31

Grief

Question 32

outward expression of grief after a loss

-external

Answer 32

mourning

Question 33

the event of separation or loss that results in the experience of grief.
- means “torn away”

Answer 33

bereavement

Question 34

• the advice or comfort given by clergy members to those people in need of help with their emotional problems or stressful stituations
• branch of counseling with psychologically trained clergy members providing therapeutic services while integrating religious thought and psychological methodologies to achieve and work with people on their psycho spiritual needs

Answer 34

pastoral psychology

Question 35

wrote “the many faces of grief”

Answer 35

-Edgar Jackson

Question 36

Edgar Jackson created 4 categories of loss

Answer 36

1. loss of significant other
   -death or divorce
2. loss of part of yourself
   -limb/self esteem/career
3. loss of external object
   -home/iPhone/car
4. developmental loss
   empty nest syndrome/ learning opportunity

Question 37

defined as an affectional tie that one person or animal forms between themselves and another
-a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time

Answer 37

attachment

Question 38

bowlby 4 fundamental principles

Answer 38

1. attachment develops early in life
2. attaching to a few specific other people
3. attachment has tendency to endure throughout ones life
4. animal attachment

Question 39

types of attachments

Answer 39

1. secure;
2. avoidant; pull away rather than stay
3. ambivalent; insecure and don’t know much

Question 40

5 stages of death and dying

Answer 40

1. denial
2. anger
3. bargaining
4. depression
5. acceptance

Question 41

Erich Lindemann

Answer 41

created normal grief
-developed grief work; loosening attachment to that which has been lost for appropriate investment
-coconut grove fire
nightclub that burned down and killed 500 people, Boston MA October 28th 1942

Question 42

thantaphobia

Answer 42

fear of death