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NURS 875: Pediatrics > Week 04: School-Aged Children > Flashcards

Week 04: School-Aged Children Flashcards

1
Q

Age Groupings

A

5-7: coming out of preschool
8-10
11-2

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2
Q

rate of height growth

A

2.5” per year

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3
Q

rate of weight growth

A

5# per year

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4
Q

prepubertal stage onset age

A

girls: 8
boys: 9

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5
Q

pubertal onset

A

girls: 9-13
boys: 10-15

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6
Q

When do growth spurts start for children?

A

once puberty hits

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7
Q

Brain development: When is the brain 90% of the adult brain size?

A

middle childhood

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8
Q

When is the brain the size of an adult brain?

A

age 12

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9
Q

What happens in the frontal cortex?

A

problem-solving and decision-making

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10
Q

Where is the intelligence center in the brain?

A

cerebral cortex

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11
Q

What is the last portion of the brain to develop, and when is this development complete?

A

frontal cortex; age 25

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12
Q

When is organ development complete?

A

once a child reaches school age

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13
Q

What nutrients are important for school-age children?

A

calcium
protein
calories for play
grils: iron when nearing period

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14
Q

NUTRITIONAL RED FLAGS

A

poor eating habits
disordered eating
obesity (possibly an eating disorder)

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15
Q

How much sleep do school-aged children need?

A

8-14 hours

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16
Q

When does growth occur during a 24-hour period?

A

during sleep

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17
Q

DEFINE: encoperesis

A

constipation; stool dries in rectal vault, and stool seeps around dried stool (no control over this)

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18
Q

When do children start to lose teeth?

A

6 years

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19
Q

When do children have their adult/secondary teeth?

A

age 12

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20
Q

When do wisdom teeth start to come in?

A

17-18

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21
Q

Whitening toothpaste: okay or not okay for children

A

DO NOT USE

22
Q

RED FLAGS for DENTAL

A

white spots on teeth
black/brown spots
chipped teeth

23
Q

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT: 6-9 years

A

anticipatory guidance:

  • outdoor safety
  • injury prevention
  • health habits
  • social interaction with peers: what is right and wrong
24
Q

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT: 10-12 years

A

speech at adult levels

discern how they are doing in school

25
Q

at what age do you begin the HEADSS assessment?

A

ask all teenagers, but start at ages 10-12

26
Q

What does HEADSS stand for?

A
  • home
  • education
  • activities/friends
  • depression/suicide
  • sexuality/orientation
  • substance abuse
  • spirituality
27
Q

Erikson’s stage: age 5

A

initiative vs. guilt

28
Q

Erikson’s stage: ages 7-10

A

industry vs. inferiority

29
Q

What happens during INDUSTRY vs INFERIORITY?

A

industrious
completing projects, collecting things
needs chores
allowance

30
Q

FREUD: ages 5-7

A

LATENCY stage: focus on same-sex peers

31
Q

At what age do children start to care about friend’s opinions?

A

age 7 (should have best friends)

32
Q

FREUD: ages 10-12

A

GENITAL stage

33
Q

PIAGET: 5-7

A

preoperational: start to become more magical thinkers; things are irreversible

34
Q

PIAGET: 7-10

A 
concrete thinkers
understand size/shape
understand reversibility
more logical
see other points of view
35
Q

How old/what grade would a child know if s/he is behind or ahead of peers?

A

2nd grade

36
Q

RED FLAGS

A 
sad/joyless
makes, but can't keep friends
socially awkward 
anxious/shy/withdrawn
distress with physical appearance
aggressive?  bullied? bully?
poor school performance 
can't sit still, cooperate, follow directions
37
Q

RED FLAG: poor school performance –> possible reasons

A 
depression
anxious
stressors
intellectual disability
ADHD
38
Q

RED FLAG: socially awkward –> possible reasons

A

depression

on the spectrum

39
Q

RED FLAG: somatic complaints –> possible reasons

A

stress
anxiety
celiac disease
etc.

40
Q

If you are concerned about a learning disability, to whom do you refer?

A

the school

neuropsych – LONG evaluations; can find learning disability or if kids are on the spectrum

41
Q

SEVERE RED FLAGS

A

delayed language, unclear speech, stuttering
school phobia
unusual behaviors
class clown

42
Q

Differential diagnoses for these RED FLAGS:
delayed language, unclear speech, stuttering
school phobia
unusual behaviors
class clown

A 
ADHD
depression
GAD
FAS
lead injury
genetic syndromes
autism spectrum
OCD
bipolar
43
Q

Who manages dyslexia and learning disabilities?

A

the school

44
Q

What kind of family questions to ask of this group?

A

who is in the family?
are they/do they feel safe at home?
are they witness to domestic violence?

45
Q

FAMILY HISTORY RED FLAGS

A

loss of parent: death, divorce, abandonment, war
very ill sibling
loss of grandparent
loss of pet

46
Q

PHYSICAL EXAM for SCHOOL AGE

A

recent excessive weight gain/loss
scoliosis screening at age 5
tanner staging (typically 1-3; few 4-5)
good touch/bad touch

47
Q

At what age can children sit in the front seat?

A

13

48
Q

At what age can children sit in the front seat?

A

13

49
Q

How long does a child need to use a booster seat?

A

4’9” (typically 8-12)

50
Q

When can you stop using a booster?

A

lap belt on the lap, not the belly
feet planted on the ground
shoulder belt on the shoulder

51
Q

What is important to teach about bullying?

A

it is NEVER okay; let an adult know right away

52
Q

What is important to teach school aged children about bullying?

A

it is NEVER okay; let an adult know right away

NURS 875: Pediatrics (12 decks)

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