Week 04: School-Aged Children

Question 1

Age Groupings

Answer 1

5-7: coming out of preschool
8-10
11-2

Question 2

rate of height growth

Answer 2

2.5” per year

Question 3

rate of weight growth

Answer 3

5# per year

Question 4

prepubertal stage onset age

Answer 4

girls: 8
boys: 9

Question 5

pubertal onset

Answer 5

girls: 9-13
boys: 10-15

Question 6

When do growth spurts start for children?

Answer 6

once puberty hits

Question 7

Brain development: When is the brain 90% of the adult brain size?

Answer 7

middle childhood

Question 8

When is the brain the size of an adult brain?

Answer 8

age 12

Question 9

What happens in the frontal cortex?

Answer 9

problem-solving and decision-making

Question 10

Where is the intelligence center in the brain?

Answer 10

cerebral cortex

Question 11

What is the last portion of the brain to develop, and when is this development complete?

Answer 11

frontal cortex; age 25

Question 12

When is organ development complete?

Answer 12

once a child reaches school age

Question 13

What nutrients are important for school-age children?

Answer 13

calcium
protein
calories for play
grils: iron when nearing period

Question 14

NUTRITIONAL RED FLAGS

Answer 14

poor eating habits
disordered eating
obesity (possibly an eating disorder)

Question 15

How much sleep do school-aged children need?

Answer 15

8-14 hours

Question 16

When does growth occur during a 24-hour period?

Answer 16

during sleep

Question 17

DEFINE: encoperesis

Answer 17

constipation; stool dries in rectal vault, and stool seeps around dried stool (no control over this)

Question 18

When do children start to lose teeth?

Answer 18

6 years

Question 19

When do children have their adult/secondary teeth?

Answer 19

age 12

Question 20

When do wisdom teeth start to come in?

Answer 20

17-18

Question 21

Whitening toothpaste: okay or not okay for children

Answer 21

DO NOT USE

Question 22

RED FLAGS for DENTAL

Answer 22

white spots on teeth
black/brown spots
chipped teeth

Question 23

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT: 6-9 years

Answer 23

anticipatory guidance:

• outdoor safety
• injury prevention
• health habits
• social interaction with peers: what is right and wrong

Question 24

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT: 10-12 years

Answer 24

speech at adult levels

discern how they are doing in school

Question 25

at what age do you begin the HEADSS assessment?

Answer 25

ask all teenagers, but start at ages 10-12

Question 26

What does HEADSS stand for?

Answer 26

- home - education - activities/friends - depression/suicide - sexuality/orientation - substance abuse - spirituality

Question 27

Erikson's stage: age 5

Answer 27

initiative vs. guilt

Question 28

Erikson's stage: ages 7-10

Answer 28

industry vs. inferiority

Question 29

What happens during INDUSTRY vs INFERIORITY?

Answer 29

industrious completing projects, collecting things needs chores allowance

Question 30

FREUD: ages 5-7

Answer 30

LATENCY stage: focus on same-sex peers

Question 31

At what age do children start to care about friend's opinions?

Answer 31

age 7 (should have best friends)

Question 32

FREUD: ages 10-12

Answer 32

GENITAL stage

Question 33

PIAGET: 5-7

Answer 33

preoperational: start to become more magical thinkers; things are irreversible

Question 34

PIAGET: 7-10

Answer 34

``` concrete thinkers understand size/shape understand reversibility more logical see other points of view ```

Question 35

How old/what grade would a child know if s/he is behind or ahead of peers?

Answer 35

2nd grade

Question 36

RED FLAGS

Answer 36

``` sad/joyless makes, but can't keep friends socially awkward anxious/shy/withdrawn distress with physical appearance aggressive? bullied? bully? poor school performance can't sit still, cooperate, follow directions ```

Question 37

RED FLAG: poor school performance --> possible reasons

Answer 37

``` depression anxious stressors intellectual disability ADHD ```

Question 38

RED FLAG: socially awkward --> possible reasons

Answer 38

depression | on the spectrum

Question 39

RED FLAG: somatic complaints --> possible reasons

Answer 39

stress anxiety celiac disease etc.

Question 40

If you are concerned about a learning disability, to whom do you refer?

Answer 40

the school | neuropsych -- LONG evaluations; can find learning disability or if kids are on the spectrum

Question 41

SEVERE RED FLAGS

Answer 41

delayed language, unclear speech, stuttering school phobia unusual behaviors class clown

Question 42

Differential diagnoses for these RED FLAGS: delayed language, unclear speech, stuttering school phobia unusual behaviors class clown

Answer 42

``` ADHD depression GAD FAS lead injury genetic syndromes autism spectrum OCD bipolar ```

Question 43

Who manages dyslexia and learning disabilities?

Answer 43

the school

Question 44

What kind of family questions to ask of this group?

Answer 44

who is in the family? are they/do they feel safe at home? are they witness to domestic violence?

Question 45

FAMILY HISTORY RED FLAGS

Answer 45

loss of parent: death, divorce, abandonment, war very ill sibling loss of grandparent loss of pet

Question 46

PHYSICAL EXAM for SCHOOL AGE

Answer 46

recent excessive weight gain/loss scoliosis screening at age 5 tanner staging (typically 1-3; few 4-5) good touch/bad touch

Question 47

At what age can children sit in the front seat?

Answer 47

13

Question 48

At what age can children sit in the front seat?

Answer 48

13

Question 49

How long does a child need to use a booster seat?

Answer 49

4'9" (typically 8-12)

Question 50

When can you stop using a booster?

Answer 50

lap belt on the lap, not the belly feet planted on the ground shoulder belt on the shoulder

Question 51

What is important to teach about bullying?

Answer 51

it is NEVER okay; let an adult know right away

Question 52

What is important to teach school aged children about bullying?

Answer 52

it is NEVER okay; let an adult know right away