Week 04: School-Aged Children Flashcards
Age Groupings
5-7: coming out of preschool
8-10
11-2
rate of height growth
2.5” per year
rate of weight growth
5# per year
prepubertal stage onset age
girls: 8
boys: 9
pubertal onset
girls: 9-13
boys: 10-15
When do growth spurts start for children?
once puberty hits
Brain development: When is the brain 90% of the adult brain size?
middle childhood
When is the brain the size of an adult brain?
age 12
What happens in the frontal cortex?
problem-solving and decision-making
Where is the intelligence center in the brain?
cerebral cortex
What is the last portion of the brain to develop, and when is this development complete?
frontal cortex; age 25
When is organ development complete?
once a child reaches school age
What nutrients are important for school-age children?
calcium
protein
calories for play
grils: iron when nearing period
NUTRITIONAL RED FLAGS
poor eating habits
disordered eating
obesity (possibly an eating disorder)
How much sleep do school-aged children need?
8-14 hours
When does growth occur during a 24-hour period?
during sleep
DEFINE: encoperesis
constipation; stool dries in rectal vault, and stool seeps around dried stool (no control over this)
When do children start to lose teeth?
6 years
When do children have their adult/secondary teeth?
age 12
When do wisdom teeth start to come in?
17-18
Whitening toothpaste: okay or not okay for children
DO NOT USE
RED FLAGS for DENTAL
white spots on teeth
black/brown spots
chipped teeth
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT: 6-9 years
anticipatory guidance:
- outdoor safety
- injury prevention
- health habits
- social interaction with peers: what is right and wrong
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT: 10-12 years
speech at adult levels
discern how they are doing in school
at what age do you begin the HEADSS assessment?
ask all teenagers, but start at ages 10-12
What does HEADSS stand for?
- home
- education
- activities/friends
- depression/suicide
- sexuality/orientation
- substance abuse
- spirituality
Erikson’s stage: age 5
initiative vs. guilt
Erikson’s stage: ages 7-10
industry vs. inferiority
What happens during INDUSTRY vs INFERIORITY?
industrious
completing projects, collecting things
needs chores
allowance
FREUD: ages 5-7
LATENCY stage: focus on same-sex peers
At what age do children start to care about friend’s opinions?
age 7 (should have best friends)
FREUD: ages 10-12
GENITAL stage
PIAGET: 5-7
preoperational: start to become more magical thinkers; things are irreversible
PIAGET: 7-10
concrete thinkers understand size/shape understand reversibility more logical see other points of view
How old/what grade would a child know if s/he is behind or ahead of peers?
2nd grade
RED FLAGS
sad/joyless makes, but can't keep friends socially awkward anxious/shy/withdrawn distress with physical appearance aggressive? bullied? bully? poor school performance can't sit still, cooperate, follow directions
RED FLAG: poor school performance –> possible reasons
depression anxious stressors intellectual disability ADHD
RED FLAG: socially awkward –> possible reasons
depression
on the spectrum
RED FLAG: somatic complaints –> possible reasons
stress
anxiety
celiac disease
etc.
If you are concerned about a learning disability, to whom do you refer?
the school
neuropsych – LONG evaluations; can find learning disability or if kids are on the spectrum
SEVERE RED FLAGS
delayed language, unclear speech, stuttering
school phobia
unusual behaviors
class clown
Differential diagnoses for these RED FLAGS:
delayed language, unclear speech, stuttering
school phobia
unusual behaviors
class clown
ADHD depression GAD FAS lead injury genetic syndromes autism spectrum OCD bipolar
Who manages dyslexia and learning disabilities?
the school
What kind of family questions to ask of this group?
who is in the family?
are they/do they feel safe at home?
are they witness to domestic violence?
FAMILY HISTORY RED FLAGS
loss of parent: death, divorce, abandonment, war
very ill sibling
loss of grandparent
loss of pet
PHYSICAL EXAM for SCHOOL AGE
recent excessive weight gain/loss
scoliosis screening at age 5
tanner staging (typically 1-3; few 4-5)
good touch/bad touch
At what age can children sit in the front seat?
13
At what age can children sit in the front seat?
13
How long does a child need to use a booster seat?
4’9” (typically 8-12)
When can you stop using a booster?
lap belt on the lap, not the belly
feet planted on the ground
shoulder belt on the shoulder
What is important to teach about bullying?
it is NEVER okay; let an adult know right away
What is important to teach school aged children about bullying?
it is NEVER okay; let an adult know right away
