Week 04 Flashcards
_____ relationships has been demonstrated between absolute strength and total muscle cross-sectional area
Strong (toshio moritni)
Motor learning is driven by ______
repetition (not resistance)
Motor Skill Adaptations:
- increase corticospinal excitability
- decreased corticospinal inhibition
- decreased short interval intracorticol inhibition
- increased movement related cortical representation
Resistance training adaptations:
- increased corticospinal excitability
- decreased corticospinal inhibition
- decrease short interval intracortical inhibition (brain is more confident to send impulses)
H reflex (hoffman reflex)….?
Assesses the excitability of spinal motoneurons and the synaptic efficacy of Ia afferents
Muscle spindle sends information to spinal cord when muscle is being stretched, the spinal cord sends back info to contracts the muscle
As stimulus gets higher and higher, H wave _____ and M wave ______ (signals start interfering)
H wave decreases, M wave increases
H wave ______ involve brain-muscle drive
Doesn’t
M wave ______ involve brain-muscle drive
Does
V wave is…
- Still part of H wave
- but voluntary (MVC) !
- When you are doing a contraction, the voluntary drive coming down from fall is higher (amount of stimulus is higher)
SAID Principle stands for?
Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands
Closed chain kinetic exercises are….
with a fixed point (e.g. squats, NOT leg lift)
Adaptation to RT seems to be quite _______
specific! (e.g. squats improve squats, only slightly benefit leg press)
________ _____ seem to be the predominant driver of early adaptations seen from RT programs.
Neural Adaptations
Increased input-output response of the motoneurons:
- increased response to cortical stimulation
- Anatomical alterations in excitatory terminals
- Increased responsiveness to afferent volley
- decreased presynaptic inhibition
______ relationships has been demonstrated between absolute strength and total muscle cross-sectional area n
Strong
If you only train one arm, what will happen to the untrained arm?
Untrained arm will also see strength improvements (toshio moriteni)
Cross-sectional area increases quickly (T/F)?
False. Takes time, but muscle adaptations occur earlier than expected
In the TMS, the extra stimulus in contraction is _____ among RT people, because…?
Lower, because they already have a higher MVC
RT: 80-100%
Untrained: 60-100%
The V in v-wave stands for …
voluntary
V-wave happens when the muscle is voluntary contracting/not contracting
Voluntary contracting (unlike H reflex)
Early work suggested some evidence for H-reflex adaptation however,….
results are mixed
There are ______ results observed about improvement in V-wave effects
Consistent
Approx. ____% of skeletal muscle is composed of proteins
20%
RT elicits hypertrophy of _____ muscle fibre types
ALL
______ evidence for hyperplasia in humans
Little
Hyperplasia =
increase CELL NUMBER (not size)
Hypertrophy =
Increase muscle SIZE (not amount)
______ allow coupling and addition of a phosophoryl group (e.g. to a lipid or protein group)
phosphorylation
____ ____, enzyme that modifies other proteins via phosphorylation
protein kinase
_____ = negative regulator of myoblast proliferation and differentiation (e.g. regulates hypertrophy)
Myostatin
Myostatin deficiency can lead to _____ muscle mass due to not negatively regulating muscle protein synthesis
increase
Why does the first training session elicit higher DOMS than when training regularly?
It is sarcoplasmic hypertrophy, which is in increase in fluid in cell (NOT myofibrillar hypertrophy which is increase in actin and myosin)
Generally speaking, does increase in hormones elicit increase strength and hypertrophy adaptations?
Not really
How does the Transcranial magnetic stimulation device work?
- Put magnetic device over head
- Find area in brain that links to biceps/finger (target area)
- perform MVC
- Device sends stimulus through that region through NS
- You measure the additional contraction spike of that muscle
