Wednesday - Physiology of Girls - Trach Flashcards
what causes a primary oocyte to go undergo the first meiotic division
LH surge
what causes a secondary oocyte to undergo the 2nd meiotic division
sperm
fertilization
if pregnancy does not occur, what happens to the corpus luteum
how does that change hormonally
it degrades
- then there is less progesterone and estrogen
that means there is not inhibitory feedback on LH and FSH
what degrades the corpus luteum?
prostaglandin F2alpha
what hormone do you not have in menopause
estrogen or progesterone –> gonadotropins are very high because no inhibition
What happens to LH and FSH n pregnancy?
they are very low bacause there’s a lot of estrogen
GnRH
made where
secreted how
receptor type
arcuate nucleus of hypothalmus
pulsatile
Gq –> IP3
primary role of FSH
follicular groth and estrdiol secretion
primary role of LH
induction of ovulation
hCG’s role
where is it made?
made from placenta
in 1st trimester - maintains corpus luteim and stimulates LH receptor
later, responsible for steroidogenesis
what are the gonadotropins
FSH, LH, hCG
what turns testosterone to estradiol
where is it
aromatase
in granulosa cells –> then secretes the estradiol
Estrogen receptor
intracellular
dimerizes
cuases transcription
What does clomiphene citrate do?
what does it treat
side effects
it’s an estrogen antagonist –> FSH and LH secretion
treats infertility from anovulation
hot flashes (lack of estrogen does that)
2 drugs that are FSH and LH gathers from postmenopausal women that we probably don’t have to actually know
drug that’s just FSH
side effects
menotropin
urofolitropin
follitropin
lots of babies
overstimulation syndrome
- vascular fluid goes into thoracic cavity
Hormone, given as a drug, given after clomiphene or gonadotropins to cause LH surge
hCG
GnRH agonists
how can it have antagonist effects
Leuprolide
agonist if pulsitile
- use for infertility
antagonist if continuous (downregs the gnrh receptor in pituitary –> decrease FSH and LH)
- use for precocious puberty and fibroids
GnRH antagonists that aren’t in FA
effects
Ganirelix and Cetrorelix
stop LH surge
effects of estrogrens
development and growth of sex accessory tissue
skeletal growth and body shape
menstrual cycle (pituitary effects)
sodium and water retention
increase HDL lower LDL
uses of estrogen
contraceptive
- block LH surge and ovulation
hormone replacement therapy
dysmenorrhea
why is ethinyl estradiol used instead of estrogen for oral contraceptives?
because estrogen has a high 1st pass metabolism and the other doesn’t
- added c-17
Tamoxofen MOA
use
other drugs in this class
SERM (selective estrogem receptor modulator) because antagonist in breast and agonist in bone
breast cancer
raloxifene - same MOA
toremifene - no bone effect, just antagonist in breast
Pure estrogen antagonist
used for what
Fulvestrant
–> down regulates the receptors
tx for estrogen positive breast cancer
aromatase inhibitors
use?
anastrozole/letrozole
- non-steroidal, reversible
exemestane
- steroidal, not reversible
estrogen receptor positive cancer
