Wed - Dermatological therapeutics

Question 1

Highlighted adverse effect of corticosteroids? Also, what do they do?

Answer 1

AE: Skin atrophy

They are anti-inflamatory, immunosupressive and vasoconstrictive.

Question 2

Retinoids

Answer 2

Vit a analogs.
alter gene transcription.
Used for acne, psoriasis, ichthyosis (EX acutane)
sometimes combined with UV light therapy

Question 3

Calcipotriene

Answer 3

Vit D analog
acts through DNA receptors, alters skin differentiation.
used for psoriasis, eczema

Question 4

Topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) and examples

Answer 4

"non-steroidal anti-inflammatories"
ex: protopic and elidel
alter t-cell activation
Risk of lymphoma?
used for eczema, dermatitis

Question 5

what SPF blocks what percent of uv rays
2
15
30

Answer 5

2 - 50
15 - 93
30 - 97%

Question 6

Imiquimod: aldara cream

What does it treat?

Answer 6

“immune response modifier”
increases local immune activity through Toll receptors

warts, actinitc keratosis, basal cell carcinoma

Question 7

Topical 5-FU

Answer 7

inhibits thymidylate synthase

acts selectively on actinic damaged skins cells (acitinic keratosis)

Question 8

Dapsone

Answer 8

A sulfone
mainstay for leprosy therapy, used for lupus, spider bites
inhibits myeloperoxidase in polymorpho neutrophils (for nurtrophilic skin diseases)
AE: hemolysis

Question 9

Methotrexate

Answer 9

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
AE: hepatotoxicity (not too common)
“shotgun for psoriasis”
20mg once per week

Question 10

PUVA

Answer 10

Psoralen plus UVA light therapy
forms pyrimidine dimers in DNA and reduces langerhans cells
anti-inflamatory, immunosuppresive (for psoriasis, pruritus, eczema)

Question 11

Minoxidil

Answer 11

Rogaine
vasodilation and stimulation of hair shaft
treats alopecia areata, telogen effluvium (?)

Question 12

Finasteride

Answer 12

blocks conversion of testorterone to dihydrotestosterone.

used for andogenetic alopecia (male pattern baldness)

Question 13

uses for liquid nitrogen

Answer 13

freezes:
warts
actinic keratoses
skin cancer

Question 14

Three main components to moisturizers

Answer 14

occlusives - trap moisture
humectants = bind water
Emollients - give skin a smooth feel

Question 15

Alpha hydroxy acids

Answer 15

exfoliate skin
thicken epidermis
stimulate collagen growth (fewer wrinkles)

Question 16

Three stages of normal hair cycle

Answer 16

anagen - growth
catagen - chillin
telogen - falling out

Question 17

telogen effluvium

Answer 17

one of most common hair loss types

“stress hair loss”

Question 18

alopecia areata

Answer 18

autoimmune - T cells attack hair bulbs “swarm of bees”

Question 19

Tinea capitis main cause and treatment

Answer 19

Trichophyton tonsurans, griseofulvin

possible scarring

Question 20

Lupus hair loss?

Answer 20

yea. treatment: topical or systemic steroids.

hydroxychloroquine

Question 21

Peronychia, accute and chronic

Answer 21

inflamation of nail folds
accute - trauma, bacteria, contact dermatitis, acute eczema flair
chronic - contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, candida

Question 22

Onychomycosis, treatment?

Answer 22

fungal growth under the nail. common organism: trichophyton rubrum

terbinafine (lamasil)
itraconazole (sporonox)