Weathering/Transportation/Deposition Flashcards

1
Q

The physical breakdown (disintegration) and the chemical alteration (decomposition) of rocks at or near Earth’s surface.

A

Weathering

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2
Q

The physical breakdown or disintegration of rocks at or near the surface.

A

Mechanical Weathering

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3
Q

The chemical breakdown or decomposition of rocks at or near the surface.

A

Chemical Weathering

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4
Q

What are the types of physical weathering?

A
  1. Frost wedging
  2. Salt crystal growth
  3. Sheeting or Unloading
  4. Biological actions
  5. Intrusions
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5
Q

The freeze-thaw action
of water trapped within fractures of rocks
that cause the expansion and contraction which would eventually disintegrate rocks.

A

Frost Wedging

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6
Q

What do you call frost action when it occurs horizontally, and what do you call it when it occurs vertically?

A

Frost wedging if it occurs horizontally and frost heaving if it occurs vertically.

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7
Q

A mode of weathering near coastlines where salt from seawater accumulate and grow through cracks of rocks and fracture them while growing.

A

Salt Crystal Growth

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8
Q

Rocks that are originally covered and are then exposed are relieved from pressure, causing an unloading action and expansion.

A

Sheeting or Unloading

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9
Q

A type of physical weathering where Oorganisms, such as plants, can burrow their roots through cracks which breaks down the rocks into pieces.

A

Biological actions

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10
Q

A type of physical weathering where intrusions from beneath the surface induce pressure from below, fracturing the rock mass on the surface.

A

Intrusions

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11
Q

Enumerate the types of chemical weathering.

A
  1. Solution
  2. Hydrolysis
  3. Oxidation
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12
Q

A type of chemical weathering where a solution mixture of reactive components specific to rocks.

A

Solution

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13
Q

Chemical breakdown of minerals in rocks due to addition of water.

A

Hydrolysis

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14
Q

Chemical breakdown of minerals in rocks due to exposure to oxygen.

A

Oxidation

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15
Q

The removal of materials or sediments by mobile agents such as water, wind, ice, or humans.

A

Erosion

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16
Q

What are the four types of transport media?

A
  1. Air
  2. Water
  3. Ice
  4. Gravity
17
Q

Which transport media is the strongest? and which is the most effective?

A

Ice is the strongest and water is the most effective.

18
Q

What are the two modes of transport

A

Bedload and Suspended Load

19
Q

Sediments rolling along the surface of the bed.

A

Rolling

20
Q

A series of jumping movement of sediments.

A

Saltation

21
Q

Sediments suspended in the transporting media.

A

Suspension

22
Q

The volume of void space in a sedimentary rock.

A

Porosity

23
Q

Porosity associated with the original depositional texture of the sediment.

A

Primary porosity

24
Q

Porosity that developed after deposition and burial of the sediment in the sedimentary basin.

A

Secondary Porosity

25
Q

The measure of how much water can move through pore spaces which also describes how water easily flows

A

Permeability

26
Q

A property of curve being tortuous, or twisted, having many turns

A

Tortuosity

27
Q

Occurs when transportation ceases and sediments accumulate on Earth’s surface by collective deposition processes.

A

Deposition