Intro/Soils

Question 1

Pieces of broken down, pre-existing rocks at or near the Earth’s surface.

Answer 1

Sediments

Question 2

Rocks that are made up of lithified sediments.

Answer 2

Sedimentary Rocks

Question 3

A sub-branch of Petrology that focuses on the composition, characteristics, and origins of sedimentary rocks.

Answer 3

Sedimentary Petrology

Question 4

A simple model of the processes responsible for the production of sediments and sedimentary rocks.
Explain.

Answer 4

Sedimentary Cycle

Question 5

What is the sequence of formation of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 5

1. Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Transport
4. Deposition
5. Diagenesis

Question 6

The process that breaks down rocks into sediments.

Answer 6

Weathering

Question 7

The physical removal of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, ice or gravity.

Answer 7

Erosion

Question 8

The transfer of rock and soil downslope under the influence of gravity

Answer 8

Mass Wasting

Question 9

What are the three factors of weathering?

Answer 9

1. Climate
2. Rock Characteristics
3. Differential Weathering

Question 10

A factor of weathering that includes factors, particularly temperature and moisture, are crucial to the rate of rock weathering.

Answer 10

Climate

Question 11

(A factor of weathering), chemical traits of rocks, including mineral composition and solubility

Answer 11

Rock Characteristics

Question 12

-A factor of weathering where there is unequal weathering due to the rock’s composition.
-These are portions of a rock that is more weathered like exposed parts of an outcrop.

Answer 12

Differential Weathering

Question 13

A mixture of minerals, organic matter, water and air

Answer 13

Soil

Question 14

The layer of rock fragments produced by weathering.

Answer 14

Regolith

Question 15

The study of physical and chemical properties of soils and their formation.

Answer 15

Pedology

Question 16

What are the five factors that control soil formation?

Answer 16

1. Parent Material
2. Time
3. Climate
4. Organisms
5. Topography

Question 17

The source of the weathered mineral matter from which soils develop.
(controls of soil formation)

Answer 17

Parent Material

Question 18

Strongly influences weathering by the length of time that processes have been operating.
(controls of soil formation)

Answer 18

Time

Question 19

A factor of soil formation which includes climatic elements, such as temperature and precipitation, that exert the strongest impact on soil formation.

Answer 19

Climate

Question 20

A factor of soil formation which includes The types and abundance of organisms present have a strong influence on the physical and chemical properties of soil.

Answer 20

Organisms

Question 21

Variations in topography can lead to the development of a variety of localized soil types. (controls of soil formation)

Answer 21

Topography

Question 22

Zones of soil with varying composition, texture and structure found at different depths.

Answer 22

Horizons

Question 23

• A vertical section of all the soil horizons.

Answer 23

Soil Profile

Question 24

Washing out of fine soil components.

Answer 24

Eluviation

Question 25

Depletion of soluble materials from upper horizons.

Answer 25

Leaching

Question 26

Constitutes the O and A - horizon.

Answer 26

Topsoil

Question 27

Soil horizon that consists largely of organic material.

Answer 27

O Horizon

Question 28

The zone beneath the - O Horizon that is largely mineral matter, with biological activity is high and humus generally present at up to 30 percent in some instances.

Answer 28

A horizon

Question 29

A light-colored layer, **known as the Zone of eluviation** and leaching, that contains little organic material.

Answer 29

E horizon

Question 30

or **Subsoil**, is the Zone of accumulation where much of the material removed from the E Horizon by eluviation is deposited.

Answer 30

B Horizon

Question 31

Soil horizon also that is **also known as True Soil**, that constitutes the O, A, E and B Horizon.

Answer 31

Solum

Question 32

Soil horizon made up of a layer of partially altered parent material.

Answer 32

C Horizon

Question 33

Soil Horzion made up of the unweathered - parent material.

Answer 33

R Horizon

Question 34

The sequence of soil horizons based on the soil profile.

Answer 34

O, A, E, B, C, R

Question 35

The sequence of soil horizons based on who formed first.

Answer 35

R, C, O, A, E, B

Question 36

A system of soil classification based on the physical and chemical properties of the soil profile.

Answer 36

Soil Taxonomy