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Midterms Petrology > Chemical Seds/Carbonates > Flashcards

Chemical Seds/Carbonates Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate the six types of non-clastic rocks.

A
  1. Carbonates
  2. Evaporites
  3. Siliceous
  4. Organic Carbonaceous Rocks
  5. Ironstones
  6. Phosphates
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2
Q

Clastic or non-clastic sedimentary rocks dominantly composed of calcareous minerals

A

Carbonates

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3
Q

common calcareous minerals

A

calcite, aragonite dolomite, and siderite.

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4
Q

Calcaerous clasts can form through what processes?

A

Chemical precipitation or Organic processes.

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5
Q

Sedimentary rocks dominantly composed of calcite.

A

Limestone

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6
Q

Sedimentary rocks dominantly composed of dolomite

A

Dolostone

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7
Q

A process where dolostone are products of diagenetic processes that converted calcite carbonates to dolomite.

A

Dolomitization

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8
Q

Also called allochems, sand- to gravel- sized carbonate particles that include shells, ooids, limeclasts, and peloids.

A

Grains

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9
Q

Mud-sized carbonate particles in limestones and dolostones.

A

Micrite

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10
Q

The process where micro-boring activity of blue-green, cyanophyte bacteria.

A

Micritization

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11
Q

Clastic carbonates dominantly composed of ooids.

A

Oolites

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12
Q

Clastic carbonates - dominantly composed of pisoids.

A

Pisolites

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13
Q

Carbonate rocks with gravel-sized particles.

A

Calcirudite/Dolorudite

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14
Q

Carbonate rocks with sand-sized particles.

A

Calcarenite/Dolarenite

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15
Q

Carbonate rocks with mud-sized particles.

A

Calcilutite/Dololutite

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16
Q

A coarse limestone made up of poorly cemented shells and shell fragments.

A

Coquina

17
Q

A soft, porous variety of limestone made up of almost entirely hard parts of microscopic marine organisms.

A

Chalk

18
Q

A type of limestone commonly deposited in caves.

A

Travertine

19
Q

A type of limestone commonly deposited in hot springs.

A

Tufa

20
Q

Enumerate the seven carbonate-forming animals.

A
  1. Molluscs - Snails
  2. Bivalves - Shells
  3. Gastropods - Mollusca phyllum
  4. Echinoids - Sea urchins
  5. Crinoids - Sea lilies
  6. Foraminifera - Single-celled organisms
  7. Cnidaria - Corals
21
Q

Enumerate the six carbonate-forming plants.

A
  1. Algae
  2. Rhodophyta - red algae
  3. Chlorophyta - green algae, rod shaped
  4. Nanoplankton - yellow algae
  5. Cyanobacteria
  6. Coccolithophore
22
Q

An important source of biogenic carbonates.
(carbonate-forming plants)

A

Algae

23
Q

Important prehistoric carbonate-forming organisms.

A

Cyanobacteria

24
Q

Phytoplankton with calcite test. (carbonate-forming plants)

A

Coccolithophore

Midterms Petrology (8 decks)

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