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Science Semester 2 > Weathering And Soil > Flashcards

Weathering And Soil Flashcards

0
Q

Chemical or mechanical?

Pollutants dissolve in water

A

Chemical

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1
Q

Chemical or mechanical?

Rock and water grind other rock

A

Mechanical

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2
Q

Chemical or mechanical?

Animals burrow into soil

A

Mechanical

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3
Q

Chemical or mechanical?

Intense temperature causes rocks to expand

A

Mechanical

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4
Q

Chemical or mechanical?

Ice expands cracks in rock

A

Mechanical

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5
Q

Chemical or mechanical?

Molecules combine and form oxides

A

Chemical

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6
Q

Chemical or mechanical?

Plants cause rocks to crumble

A

Mechanical

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7
Q

Explain the effects of mechanical weathering

A

Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical makeup

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8
Q

Explain the effects of chemical weathering

A

Changes the materials that are part of a rock into new material.

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9
Q

The mechanical and chemical processes that change objects on Earth’s surface over time

A

Weathering

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10
Q

Ice wedging is to mechanical weathering as _______ is to chemical weathering.

A

Oxidation

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11
Q

_________ is to increased surface area as chemical weathering is to changed minerals

A

Mechanical weathering

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12
Q

Weathering is to water and temperature as _______ is to physical, chemical, and biotic factors

A

Environment

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13
Q

Acid rain is to _____ as abrasion is to mechanical weathering

A

Chemical weathering

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14
Q

Chemical and mechanical are to _______ as rain and snow are to precipitation

A

Weathering

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15
Q

Weathering caused by grinding away at rock

A

Abrasion

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16
Q

What animals do that break down rock

A

Burrowing

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17
Q

The process that changes minerals into new minerals

A

Chemical weathering

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18
Q

Weathering caused by plants and animals

A

Crumbling

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19
Q

Rain with a pH of 4.5 or less

A

Acid rain

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20
Q

Weathering caused by water that freezes

A

Ice wedging

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21
Q

All the space on the surface plane of an object

A

Surface area

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22
Q

The product of oxidation

A

Oxide

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23
Q

A measure of acidity

A

pH

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24
Anything with a pH between 0 and 7
Acid
25
The chemical and physical processes that change objects in Earth's surface over time are called ________
Weathering
26
Over thousands of years, _______ breaks up rocks into smaller pieces.
Weathering
27
During _______, physical processes break rocks into smaller pieces.
Mechanical weathering
28
Mechanical weathering does not change the _________ of the rock
Chemical makeup
29
When mechanical weathering breaks a large rock into smaller pieces, the total _________ of the rock increases
Surface area
30
Between sandy and clay soils, ________ soil holds more water and nutrients because it consists of smaller particles that have more surface area
Clay
31
In _______, water enters cracks in rocks and freezes. Water ________ when it freezes and makes the cracks larger.
Ice wedging | Expands
32
Grinding rock away by friction or impact is called _______.
Abrasion
33
________ growing in a crack in a rock and animals burrowing through loose rock can cause mechanical weathering
Plants
34
During _______, the materials that make up rocks are changed into new materials.
Chemical weathering
35
Water is an important agent of _______ weathering because most substances ________ in water
Chemical | Dissolve
36
A(n) _______ is a more powerful weathering agent than water.
Acid
37
The measure of acidity is called _____
pH
38
An acid has a pH less than ______
7
39
Rain weathers rock because rain is slightly _______
Acidic
40
_______ rain contains pollutants that make its pH less than 5.
Normal
41
Oxygen combines with other elements or molecules during _______
Oxidation
42
Most oxygen used in oxidation comes from the _____
Air
43
The product of oxidation is a(n) _______
Oxide
44
Oxides are useful because they form _______, which people use to obtain metals.
Ores
45
The _______ part of a rock oxidizes the most because it has more contact with oxygen in the air
Outside
46
Mechanical and chemical weathering depend on _____ and temperature
Water
47
Mechanical weathering occurs fastest in areas that have a lot of ________ changes
Temperature
48
Chemical weathering is fastest where the climate is warm and _______
Wet
49
Overall, weathering occurs fastest in regions near the _______
Equator
50
The type of ______ also affects how fast weathering occurs. The most easily weathered _______ in a rock determines how quickly the rock weathers.
Rock | Mineral
51
The shape of the land
Topography
52
The broken-down remains of dead plants and animals
Organic matter
53
All the living things in an area
Biota
54
The process that produces organic matter
Decomposition
55
Mixture of weathered rock, rock fragments, decayed organic matter, water, and air
Soil
56
The starting material that weathers and forms soil
Parent materiel
57
A small space in the soil
Pore
58
The average weather of an area
Climate
59
Rock material broken down or dissolved in water
Sediment
60
A layer of soil
Horizon
61
_______ is a mixture of weathered rock, decayed organic matter, mineral fragments, water, and air
Soil
62
About half the volume of soil is made of _____ materials
Solid
63
Soil also contains water, other liquids, and ______
Gases
64
In the soil, water and gases fill small holes called ______
Pores
65
_______ can flow through soil because pores are present.
Water
66
The movement of water through pores is called _______
Flow
67
The solid part of soil once part of living organism is ________
Organic matter
68
Organic matter forms when once-living material undergoes ________ by organisms in the soil
Decomposition
69
Organic matter helps hold water and ________ in the soil
Minerals
70
The ______ part of soil is made from materials, such as rock fragments, that have never been alive
Inorganic
71
There are five ______ of soil formation
Factors
72
The starting material of soil is called _______
Parent material
73
Parent material is made of the rock or ________ that forms soil
Sediment
74
The particle size and type of parent material can determine the _______ of the soil that develops
Properties
75
_____ is the average weather of an area. Soil can form rapidly in _____, wet climate
Climate | Warm
76
______ is the shape and steepness of the landscape
Topography
77
The ______ is all the organisms that live in a region. Some biota in the soil form passages for ______ to move through
Biota | Water
78
As time passes, weathering is constantly acting on _______ and sediment. Soil formation is a(n) ______ but slow process
Rock | Constant
79
______ are the layers of soil formed from the product of weathering
Horizons
80
There are _______ horizons common to most soils.
Three
81
The _______ is the soil you are most likely to see when you dig a shallow hole; it contains most of the organic material
A-horizon
82
The _______ usually contains a great deal of clay particles.
B-horizon
83
The ______ consists of parent material
C-horizon
84
The ______ of a soil determines the best use of the soil
pH
85
Plants depend on the _____ that come from organic matter and the weathering of rocks
Nutrients
86
There are _______ major soil types in the world
12
87
Soil type partly depends on _______
Climate

Science Semester 2 (5 decks)

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